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One of the topics for English exam
Hello! This is one of the topics for my English exam. Please, correct my mistakes
English as an aviation language.
The language of aviation worldwide is English. Air traffic controllers dealing with foreign crews are supposed to show a certain minimum level of competency with the language in accordance with ICAO requirements. These requirements are described at the ICAO rating scale which includes 6 levels and 6 specific skills. These skills are fluency, vocabulary, pronunciation, structure, interactions and comprehension.
ATCs have to pass the ICAO English test every 3 years if they have Operational level 4; have to pass English test every 6 years if they've demonstrated level 5; and ATCs who have demonstrated language proficiency at level 6 will not be required to demonstrate one in the future.
In my opinion strict requirements for English proficiency is to avoid miscommunication because it is a factor in over 70% of operational errors.
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How can we use the word "enemy"?
Could we apply this word in next context:
"In summer heavy rains and thunderstorms are the main enemies of all flights in the vicinity of the aerodrome" ?
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Weather hazards
Hi. Please check my little hometask:)
Novosibirsk's airport has common weather hazards as all Siberian airports have.
Let's start from summertime. In summer heavy rains and thunderstorms are the main enemies of all flights in the vicinity of the aerodrome. The standing water on the runway may result in aircraft aquaplaning and requiring more stopping distance. Also aircraft can be hitted by lightning. Heavy rain during approach makes the approach and runway lighting seem blurred and causes glare.
Speaking of winter a major weather problem is snow shower when runway is covered with snow fully and even snow removal services can't make it clean. Another thing is snowdrift or blizzard which makes it impossible to see lighting and ground markers.
From time to time, usually in summer and autumn, there are delays of flights due to thick fog on the aerodrome. It is no wonder because a lot of bogs are located behind the runways.
In addition I'd like to say that our airport often faces with strong and variable wind. But wind's influence on flights, especially on take-offs and landings, is reduced as there are two runways and as a consequence four runway headings.
In spite of all these weather troubles in our airport flights operate with high level of safety, be assured;)
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I'm in Saint-Petersburg
Hi everyone!
Well. I've been living and studing in St.Petersburg for about two weeks.
I live in student's hostel and share a flat with two neighbours. We had some troubles when we just arrived to our rooms because there were only a bed, a table and a chair for each of us. We had to buy a lot of things to make our dwelling liveable.
Also we've got student travel cards so that we could go for a trip to college at no charge.
Now I've started thinking about sightseeing of this wonderful historical city. Actually, the city is overfilled with a lot of incredible things like museums, monuments (including Great Patriotic War or, as you could hear, Second World War monuments) and architecture.
So I have a favour to ask of you who have ever visited St.Petersburg. Please advise me some famous places you've liked. I'll start my excursions from these ones:)
Thank you a lot
P.S. Please don't forget to correct my note;)
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What does it mean "dead in something"?
For example, "Do you dead in something?"
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A part of my composition for english lesson
I have engineering education and work as an engineer at the moment. Not long ago I got ability to change my profession. I’m going to become an air traffic controller. In fact it was my childhood dream and now that dream comes true. If only I had had the same ability few years ago.
When I was a little boy I had no idea about aviation. My father, aviation technician, told me about such interesting profession as air traffic controller. I was really astonished that airplanes are controlled not only by pilots but by people from the land.
Well, let’s give you some description of this craft.
The sky may look like an open space where the aircrafts can move freely, but the real situation is a bit different. The aircrafts have to follow a specific route to reach the destination on time. An air traffic controllers manage aircrafts through all aspects of their flight with priority of safety.
ATC sits in the control tower or in the terminal radar approach control room. He directs the pilots and sees that planes take off, arrive and depart safely from the runway.
There are a few kinds of controllers.
Approach controllers deal with instrument landing systems which allow some planes to make automatic landings and ensure that planes are placed in holding patterns when airports are busy. The take over from the area controllers as the aircraft is approaching the airport. At the last stage, aerodrome controllers take over. They are ones who are at the top of the control towers and they guide the pilots in to make a safe landing.
Controller’s tasks may vary depending on whether you work as an area, approach or aerodrome controller, but they include:
- Keeping radio and radar contact with aircraft
- Directing the movement of aircraft en route or at an airport
- Instructing aircraft to climb or descend and allocating final cruising level
- Providing information to aircraft about weather conditions
- Making sure that minimum distances are maintained between planes
- Handling unexpected events, emergencies and unscheduled traffic
Of course there are advantages and disadvantages in this profession.
On the one hand air traffic controllers have to work unsociable hours, for example night shifts, holidays and weekdays, on the other hand their neighbors can think they are unemployed because they are often at home on weekdays.
In spite of ATC has responsibility and stressful job, it’s balanced by long vacation, high salary and social rewards.
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Our cat
Today I would like to tell you about our cat.
Unfortunately, we don't know the exact date of his birth. We only know he will be about 2 years this June.
He had become our family member when he was only about 1,5-2 month. And this story is unusual.
My wife was working in airport that morning. Surprisingly she saw kitten which was going through crowds of people and luggages. He jumped on a chair near my wife and... went to sleep! As though he was just searching place to sleep a bit! So he looked helpless and my wife couldn't stand and took him to home.
Now we are happy owners of cat named Matthias:)
٣ يونيو ٢٠١٤
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My favourite recipe
Hello. I have thought a long time what I can write here for a start.
Recently my English teacher has given a task to write a favourite recipe. I like cooking a curd-pie and I want to share the recipe with you.
So. This is list of ingredients which you need for pie:
- about 500 gramme of curd
- two eggs
- stick of butter
- 400 gramme of flour
- pinch of soda
- sugar
At the beginning of cooking you should take out a stick of butter from fridge to melt one a little at room temperature.
You mix curd, eggs and a few tablespoons of sugar.
Then you mix flour, soda, a few tablespoons of sugar and butter. It can be easier to mix butter and flour with a fork but you should use a large bowl.
Next, add a little oil to pan and put three layers - flour, curd, flour.
At last you should bake it in the oven at a heat of 180 degrees.
Bye, bye. See you soon
PS Please correct my article, I will be thankful:)
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