Reported speech involves some "backshifting" in tenses, but generally when "say" (or some alternative) is in the past:

Present simple -> past simple

"I like TV" -> Alan said he liked TV

past simple -> past perfect

I didn't go to the party - > Alan said he hadn't gone to the party

will -> would

I will definitely be there! -> Alan said he would definitely be there

etc.

Your examples are a little trickier. Because "Emma says" is in the present, "should" doesn't need to change. Also, we can't push past perfect any further back. Therefore there's no change in either sentence:

Emma says you should read her news blog.

Ian explained he hadn't expected the broadcast to be live.

Hope this helps!

it's alittle bit need concentration 
( emma says that you/they should read her news blog

Emma says,that they should have read her news blog 

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