1. 经验 means experience,

通过这件事情，我学到了很多经验。if you got experience, you will know how to resolve this problem.

通过这件事情，我学到了很多知识。if you got knowledge, you will know why did it happen.

2. 体验 means taste, it usually + feeling, the charactor "验" means test, your feeling(not what you learn) when you do something.

This voyage was his first taste of freedom. 这次航行是他第一次体验到自由的滋味，it was nice.

3. 体会 means got, realize, understand, it usually + meanings

This voyage was his first taste of freedom. 这次航行让他第一次体会到自由的感觉，it will never forget.

4. 经历 means live, live through

经历了这件事件，我学到了很多经验（can not use 知识 here）

After this incident, I learned a lot of experience.

经验：从多次实践中得到的知识或技能 就是你做一件事情很多次后，会得到一些知识，帮助你更容易地去做这件事

体验：在实践中认识事物；亲身经历  你原来没做过这件事，然后你亲自去试了一次，强调你做这件事的感受

体会：做一件事以后的感想，指在你心中揣摩到的东西

经历：你做过很多事情，会有许多经历