Thanks everyone very much for your help and corrections. I also got this feedback from another site and wanted to share it with you as it helped clarify things as well as your comments. ................................. You still use 'ho' or 'hun'. Why? That is because, 'My name' or 'my book' is a single object that can be replaced by a theoretical X. You are defining the property, not describing it. To get into concise detail, 'ho' takes up noun/pronoun phrases and 'cha' takes up adjectival phrases. For example: My name is Rebecca -> X is Rebecca -> Rebecca X ho Of course, I am not describing my name. I am defining who I am. These books are mine -> Xs are mine -> Xharu mera hun Above, you're declaring that something is yours. You are not describing qualities of the book. Of course, if you had said 'X is heavy', then it would consequently follow 'X garung cha'. 3. You are identifying the pen as 'blue pen'. 'That pen is X' 5. Like above, you are identifying the room as small room. If you had said only 'small', then you would use 'cha'. Instead, you have introduced a noun phrase by stating it is a 'small room'. Noun phrases by default take up ho. 7. You are identifying the copies as belonging to 'yours'. 'Yours' is a pronoun. Pronouns behave identical to nouns, hence it follows 'hun'. (Those copies are yours) 11 is similar to 5. 12 is similar to 7. 18. Should be 'cha'. You are correct. I hope this makes it clear!

Nice reply Rozen (Namaste). You are correct, possession takes हो instead of छ . Rebecca, one way to know whether to use हो or छ is to remember that छ goes after adjectives (त्यो कलम नीलो छ) whereas हो goes after nouns (राम्रो कलम हो ? Is that a nice pen?; त्यो सानो कोठा हो - That is a small room (not a big one) ). The difference has to with the function of the sentence. Take # 3 for example: त्यो कलम नीलो कलम हो​। This is using the verb "to be" (हुनु) in the EQUATIVE sense. That pen = a blue pen. But, if you switch it to त्यो कलम नीलो छ ।, then you are using the verb "to be" (हुनु) in the DESCRIPTIVE sense. That pen is blue. I copied the explanation from my book into Sumesh's link. Hope it helps!

Rebecca this is the million dollar question in Nepali. I think posession takes हो instead of छ| Other than that I agree with the explanation given in your book. This will explain 1, 7 and 12. The sentence त्यो कलम नीलो कलम छ​ sounds very strange to me. It's the repeating of the noun that's strange. I would say त्यो कलम नीलो छ| Ditto for त्यो कोठा सानो छ​ and त्यो ढोका खैरो छ। Since we are talking about the size and color of things, it would make sense to use छ here. तपाईंको रातो कलम हो? is not tlking about the color of the pen. The readings here is "out of these pens, is yours the red one?" or "is this the red pen that you have?" If you simply wanted to ask if their pen was red you would ask तपाईंको कलम रातो छ? As for 18, I agree with your reading. Hope this helps!