They are the same meaning, just different way of saying and perhaps emphasising. I have no time = I don’t have time I have no money = I don’t have money I have no shoes = I don’t have any shoes

Both of them are temporary and equal in meaning (present tense). Do you have time? A) I have no time (present, temporary, at this moment of asking ). B) I don't have time (present, temporary, at the time of asking). Will you have time tomorrow? A) No, I won't have time (future). Generally, no one is going to ask you if you have time for ever, and every one will have some free time in the future. So, I have no time can never mean "not having time for ever or permanently". I hope it helps

They actually mean the same thing! Both phrases mean you are temporarily out of time, but will get more time in the future!