Must and has to are used in the same way. They both imply necessity.
Example: I must eat or I will die.
I have to eat or I will die. (He has to eat or he will die)
Allowed to means you are able to do something but you don't have to.
Example: In the United States, you are allowed to drink beer if you are 21 years old or older.
Should means it would be a good thing if you did the action but again you don't have to.
Example: I should eat more fruits and vegetables.