a career track job is a job that helps build to your career goal.
Example, if you career goal is to be a partner of a CPA firm, you need to work different jobs to obtain it...typically you would as an associate (which is for a couple years), then move into a senior associate, then promote in a manager position, then into maybe a director position, before finally reaching partner. This could take 10-15 years of work to achieve, any of those jobs would be considered a "career track" job
A "general" job as you say, could be any job that is not related to your goals or education.