A "getaway" is correct or a "weekend getaway". A "short break" would also work. I'm going to take a short break from home. I'm going to have a short break, then I'll be back. I'm exhausted, I need to go on a weekend getaway.

'Break' or 'short break' would be best, and you don't need to say 'from home'. 'Getaway' is the type of word used by travel companies in their brochures - we don't tend to use it in everyday speech or writing. You could just say 'a weekend away' or 'a few days away'.