I think I can take a shot at that last one on the subway back, but this is one where we really need context. I think this is a conjugated form of 넘기다. There are two different words with this spelling. The first is to live above your means. The second is the 사동 form of 넘다. 넘다 means "to go over." When you use 사동, the subject makes someone or someone else take that action. So 넘다 means to go over, and 넘기다 means to pass something over. There are a number of uses, though, but in the 사동 form, the subject will cause the indirect object to take the action. 피동 and 사동 are usually taught in intermediate levels of formal Korean classes, but now that you know the dictionary form, and the verb it is derived from, you can probably find a lot online to define it and give its usages.

I have a little bit of time before things get started, so let me take 그대로 while I'm waiting. A little more context would help again, but I think what you're seeing is the -대로 grammar pattern which is used to mean an action which follows it in the sentence was done "according to -" or in the manner prescribed by the noun it is attached to. For example "선생님의 말대로 했다." Would mean "I did it (exactly) like the teacher said." I usually hear it as emphatically stating that you followed instructions, except when I hear 마음대로. For example a teacher may tell her students "마음대로 쓰세요" which is telling them to write what they want to write, or write about what they want to write about with 마음대로 meaning "follow your heart" or "according to your heart." But it would be very easy to hear "마음대로 썼어요" as "I wrote exactly what I wanted to write, and thus, that becomes an emphatic statement. So in your example, we need to know what 그 is that is being referenced. Maybe a friends lays out a method by which something should be done, and this person wants to say that's exactly how they did it, they may answer "그대로 했어요." Although, now that I'm thinking, I think it could be used to tell someone to "stay like that." That's where context would help. I hope this is helpful to you.

I think we may need more context on most of these to answer well. I'm going to leave the answer space to native speakers and answer what I can while on the subway this morning. I think 해달라고 is reported speech grammar on a noun. More completely, it might be 해달라고 했다. (He/she/I/other said it is a sea otter). Or maybe 해달라고 생각해요. (I think it's a sea otter) and several other versins expressing that someone said, answered, heard, or thought that. The 라고 marks the end of the reported speech or thought, but there are several of these depending on what it is reporting. In this case, it is a noun, so (이) 라고 is used. For a noun, a direct non-question quote in quotation marks, or imperative (command), 라고 is used. For a statement (ㄴ/는) 다고 is used. For a suggestion of something we the speaker will do together with the person spoken to 자고 is used. For a question, 냐고 is used. I suggest searching google or bing for -라고 grammar, and you will likely find pages that explain more on reported speech than I can here. And I apologize, but the next stop is mine, so that's all my time. I hope I didn't make too many typos, and that this is helpful.