電話をかける means simply an action to call someone on a phone, but 電話をいれる means an action to call someone in order to notify some information. The second one tends to be used more in a polite way. I hope this helps you to understand better.

電話をかける means just a action to make a call. 電話をいれる means a action to make a call and tell something that you intend to tell directly. of course we don't care of these things every time. these are same.

I agree with Co-one-san.

意味は同じなのですが、❶の方が若干丁寧な言い方だと思います。