1. #--"pound sign," "number sign," "octothorp," or "hashtag." Note that in "pound sign," it means a pound of weight, also abbreviated lb, equal to 454 grams. The British unit of currency, pound sterling, is represented by a different symbol, £.
2. the sign at the end of a sentence.--When it is at the end of a sentence, a "period" or (rarely) a "full stop." In other places, it has different names. In a number, it is a "decimal point" or just "point." In a URL, a "dot."
3. %--"percent."
4. >--"greater than."
5. !--"exclamation point" or, informally, "bang."
6. ~"tilde."
7. ` note that it is not a single quote--"Grave accent."
8. ?--"question mark" or, very formally, "interrogation point."