Hi! Great questions. Let’s break them down clearly. 1. Direct and indirect object ✅ Correct sentences in everyday English: He gave George this ticket. He gave this ticket to George. He gave it to George. ❌ Incorrect / unnatural: He gave George it. This is technically possible, but native speakers almost never say it. It sounds awkward and wrong to the ear. 2. Emphasising the direct object (cleft sentences) When you want to emphasise the ticket, here is what sounds natural: ✅ Correct and natural: It was this ticket that he gave George. It was this ticket that he gave to George. ❌ Incorrect / unnatural: It was it that he gave to George. It was it that he gave George. Using “it” in this cleft structure sounds wrong. Native speakers don’t emphasise “it” this way. If you want to express the meaning of (c), you would simply say: ✅ Natural alternative: It was this ticket that he gave to George. (because “it” already refers back to “this ticket”) 3. Emphasising the indirect object (George) Here are the correct possibilities: ✅ Correct and natural: It was George that he gave this ticket to. It was to George that he gave this ticket. It was George that he gave it to. It was to George that he gave it. ❌ Incorrect: It was George that he gave this ticket. This is missing the preposition to, so it becomes ungrammatical. ✅ Final summary Correct forms He gave George this ticket. He gave this ticket to George. He gave it to George. It was this ticket that he gave (to) George. It was George that he gave this ticket to. It was to George that he gave this ticket. It was George that he gave it to. It was to George that he gave it. Incorrect / unnatural forms He gave George it. It was it that he gave George/to George. It was George that he gave this ticket. You’re asking the right questions. These structures look complicated, but you’re actually very close to native-like understanding!

He gave this ticket to George This is the ticket he gave to George Both ok. Anything with “it” doesn’t work unless you have already mentioned the ticket. Forget the rest.