Hello,my name is Sae, and today I’d like to talk about Shinya Yamanaka and his work to create the iPS cells.

First, I talk about stem cells. It is cells which can multiply by itself and differentiate into other cells. The stem cells which are made from fertilized eggs are ES cells. ES cells means embryonic stem cells. ES cells can be all somatic cells on the theory. It is expected to used for regenerative medicine.

Next, I talk about the way you make ES cells. It is put out from fertilized eggs in blastocyst stage. Then, it is cultured and the inner cell masses multiply. This multiplied inner cell masses are to be ES cells. They can differentiate somatic cells except embryo outside the cells.

However, they have some problems in ethics. To make ES cells, you must use fertilized eggs. This means you kill one baby. Because the egg you use is to be man. So you can’t use it for regenerative medicine at that time.

To solve this problem, Shinya Yamanaka started to think about pluripotent cells made from adult cells

Can pluripotent cells be made from adult cells?

1 He took out somatic cells.

2 He initialized somatic cells to fertilized eggs.

3 He put special 4 gens in the cells.

4 He reprogramed the cells to pluripotent cells.

In 2006, he succeed to make pluripotent cells from adult cells. He named it iPS cells which means induced pluripotent stem cells. he made iPS cells from mouse, and next year he made it from human. In 2012, he won the Novel prize of physiology or medicine. Thank for his invention, we can make internal organism for porting without rejection. The disease we couldn’t cure will reduce!!