Could you help me understand this sentence? "What appeared to some as hesitation raised questions of whether potential revenue loss and schedule disruption were placed ahead of safety at Southwest, American and United." How do I understand the clause "What appeared to some as hesitation raised questions" Does it mean "Because of hesitation, someone could raise questions..."?

Toafl Essay Do you agree or disagree with the statement: It is as important for older people to study or learn new things as it is for younger people. Someone issues a call for that we should learn about the world as more as possible in a limited human's lifetime. It is true because we cannot determine the length of our life, but we can broaden its width by studying new things. When it comes to the importance of the age of a learner, however, I think the younger one should pay more attention to learning new things than that elders do. Firstly, youths cannot live a better life without learning new things in the world that is still strange for them. Since they have to face the challenges of their future, it is much more necessary for them to gain new knowledge to adapt to the society that older people have long been used to. Moreover, because the learning ability of youngsters is better than older people, according to scientific researches and common sense, they need to cherish the golden time of their life to learn more stuff. Instead, those elders who are already proficient in some fields and less performance on learning should share their experiences to the world rather than studying new knowledge. Secondly, youngsters need to learn much more popular culture to expand and maintain their social circle. The popular things can increase their social influence and make them more attractive to peers. For example, if a superstar singer, like Ed-Sheeran, released a new song, most of the young people who like the singer would listen to it as soon as possible; because they know it will be a hot topic next hour, nobody wants to be an out-of-fashioned people. In this part, learning a new thing, popular culture, is more important for youngsters than elders. That is not to say older people should not learn new things. On the contrary, elders also need to learn some new things. To be a lifelong learner can enhance our understanding about the world around us and prevent us from becoming a rigid person. Yet this is just one of a variety of lifestyles, it is not as crucial for elders as it is for young people. In a nutshell, learning new things is more important for younger people than older people. Owing to the limitation of room, I am unable to give more cases, but I believe that the above-given reasons have already proven that new things are necessary for youths but not for elders.

Why the sentence below use singular verbs. There is now so much money chasing companies that it’s sometimes becoming hard to justify valuations by traditional measures. My question is why the author doesn't use "there are"? I think the noun, companies, is a plural.

Is there any grammar error in the paragraph below? But where some investors see dynamic exuberance, others see a market increasingly threatened by a confluence of forces including onerous domestic regulations and global trade tensions. The biggest risk? Another dot-com reckoning, the Chinese version of a cycle that erased billions of dollars of value from America’s tech sector in the 2000s and chilled tech investment for years. I think the last sentence lacks verbs. What's your opinion? The paragraph is from WSJ.com.As an English learner, the English grammar told me that a sentence must contain at least a subject and verb. But what's the verb in the last sentence? i.e., "Another dot-com reckoning, the Chinese version of a cycle that erased billions of dollars of value from America’s tech sector in the 2000s and chilled tech investment for years."

What is the real meaning of the sentence below? It is a wise man that never makes mistakes. A. A wise man never makes mistakes. B. Even a wise man may make mistakes. Thanks.

What is the real meaning about the sentence below? China grew to prosperity in part by embracing market forces. A. The part of the reason China could grow to prosperity is that China is embracing market forces. B. By embracing market forces, China could grow to in part of prosperity. I'm confused about the two explanations above, because of my limited English skill. Could you give a right answer to it? Thanks.