How the circulation of the blood was discovered Until the 16th century it was believed that blood circulated through the body by action of the arteries. One of the most prominent scientist of that time Hieromymus Fabricius during his practicing surgeon discovered one-way valves in veins, though it was over his capacity to find out their function. Working at the University of Padua in Italy he had as a student William Harvey who appeared to be very talented young scientist. After series of groundbreaking research he proved that the heart is a center of circulatory system. His findings were widely recognized in England at once, though European scientists met them with scepticism. Harvey was fated to make advances not only in the field of blood circulation, but he also debunked misconception about the role of the liver, the brain and the blood itself. The effect of his discoveries was that the vast majority of medical theories were reconsidered and a new footing for medicine was created.

The youngest chess champion Ponomarev Ruslan is considered of many to be the greatest chess player in Ukraine of all time. He started playing chess at the age of 6 in Kramatorsk. He distinguished himself as the youngest Grand Master in the world in 1997, broken a record of Fisher. At the age of 18 he became the youngest world champion. He continued to hold the World Championship Title to 2004. In 2004 he gave up to take place in the World Chempionship because, in his opinion, the conditions of the tournament were unfair. Ruslan put the blame on Grand Master Kasparov for appropriation of the World Championship Title and on the President of FIDE for helping Kasparov to hold it. So Ponomarev withdrew from the match with Kasparov and disrupted the tournament. After those events the treatment to Ponomarev in the chess world changed from admiring and positive to negative. Organizers of some tournaments do not want to invite him to take place in matches. Despite it he continues to win different competitions in the world. He was decorated with Order of Yaroslav the Wise and Order of Merit.

Yaroslav the Wise Yaroslav the Wise was Grand Prince of Kyiv Rus in the 11th century. He was the second son of Volodymyr the Grate and Rogneda who hated Volodymyr for killing her tribe and family. As a child Yaroslav was lame, but continual training made him health and strong. Though he was an excellent warrior, he detested wars. He prefered reading and reflecting on different things. Being Prince of Novgorod he refused to pay contribution to Volodymyr the Grate, so he declared the war to his father. But Volodymyr had died before the war began. Yaroslav fought against his brothers for Kyiv throne and won. During his reign Kyiv Rus became the strong powerful european state. He expanded the boundaries of Kyiv. Saint Sophia Cathedral, which was the largest chuch in the world, was built in 1037. Yaroslav collected many books for library in the Csthedral, but scientists cannot have found it till now. Many new towns were founded. He promoted expansion of Christianity in Rus. Taking care of education, he openned schools and libraries in churches. In order to build a strong state and regulate lagal and social relations between citizens, Yaroslav wrote a code called Pravda Yaroslava. He estableshed dynastic relations with royal families in Sweden, Norway and France.

A pearl of architecture St. Nicholas Cathedral in Kyiv is a wonderful masterpiece of Ukrainian architecture of the 20th century. It was created in Gothic style by famous architect Horodetskiy in 1909. Despite reinforce concrete that was used for this building, the Cathedral strikes by its lighness, harmony and perfection. Tracery spires of 64 meters height impetuously rise in the sky. The central portal is decorated with a big round stained-glass window in the shape of Cothic rose. Another two portals are ornamented with bas-reliefs on religious topics. Communist authority did not value the beauty of this Cathedral and used it as a storehous and archives since 1936. In 1978 it was decided to adjust it to a concert hall. Since 1980 the Cathedral opened its doors for lovers of classic music, especialy organ one. Czech company created an organ for that hall stylizing it for the interior of the Cathedral. Though the concert hall is not big and the stage is badly seen from most of seats, but Gothic interior and peerless acoustic give to audience imcomparable aesthetic enjoyment. In St. Nicholas Cathedral you can hear a music of Bach, Handel, Mozart, Haydn, Vivaldi, Verdy and many others perfomed by Ukrainian and foreigh musicians and singers.

The moral authority of the nation I`d like to tell you some words about one of the most prominent Ukrainian writer of XX century Oles Honchar. He was born in a small village in Ukraine in 1918. In his first novels, which he wrote at school, he demonstrated a huge literary talent. During his studing on the linguistic department at the university the World War II began. He could not stay apart from the sufering of his nation from nazism, so he fought at war as a volunteer. He was wounded twice, but fought till the end of the war. At that time he wrote mostly poems about national heroes. After the war he graduated from the university and continued his literary activity. He wrote some big novels about wartime, one of them brought him the world-wide recognition and was translated into many languages. But the most importen of his work is novel called Cathedral, which was prohabited by communist authority during 20 years. In this novel the author put the blamed on the communist regime for demolishing national hystorica monuments and memory. Honchar was convinced that without hystorical roots nation cannot exist. And person who destroied the "Cathedral" in his/her soul cannot live a full life and be happy. Honchar was a moral authority and conscience of nation for many Ukrainian gengerations.

Could you explain the meaning of this phrase: "You`re out leveling this late". It relates to comput

What is the most popular and the best holiday in your country?

In Ukraine the most popular holiday is The New Years' Day. What about your country?

What is your job? What job do you want to have?

I'm a lowyer by profession, but i want to be a translator. And what about you?

Do you have pets? What is his/her name?

I like animals a lot. I have cat Murka and parrot Kwikwik. And what about you?