Hey there :) We do use the term disc brake in English. We either use "mechanical" or "hydraulic". A motorbike, will, however always have hydraulic disc brakes. A bike will either use "v brakes" which are very common, or "caliper brakes", but the latter are more common in road bikes. These are both known as types of "rim brakes" as they both make contact with the rim of your wheels. Then you will either find the above mentioned disc brakes. I have also come across a type of brake in parts of Europe that seem to use your cranks as a means to stop. You would pedal backwards or level your crankarms and your bike will stop. I hope this helps. I am a very keen bike rider and actually built my bikes myself, so I have attained a little bit of knowledge along the way. :)

We call everything a brake 😺

The common form of the brake on bicycles is a disk style.