In Japanese, color name is a noun.
Only a few of them can become adjectives.
あか->あかい、あお->あおい、しろ->しろい、くろ->くろい
きいろ(黄色)->きいろい、ちゃいろ(茶色)->ちゃいろい
Others can not become adjectives.
みどり and みどりいろ are both nouns.
You can say 「みどりのくつ」 or 「みどりいろのくつ」, but you can't say 「みどりなくつ」「みどりいろなくつ」. Normally color names can't become Na-adjectives (there might be some exceptions, such as poetic expressions).