The opposite of a "smooth ride" (in a car, plane, train, etc.) is "rough" or "bumpy". Airline pilots will use "bumpy" because it doesn't sound as negative as "rough". "Rattle" is a noun (and verb) that refers to the sound of something being loose, it's not an adjective and can't be used to describe the comfort of a ride. "Turbulence" (never plural) refers to the atmosphere, not the plane, so the pilot will say, "Folks, we're heading into some turbulence and the ride might get a little bumpy. Please fasten your seat belts."

I'm not sure if I fully understand your question , but I'll give answering a go. The words you gave were good but judging by the example you gave and also how you asked for a less technical/specific word, I think the word that you are looking for is "shakes" "The plane shakes and I am scared" Or "The plane is shaking and I am scared" Assuming the plane is flying, rattle and bump sounds a bit strange in this context but can also be used. Hope this answers your question.