It could mean:
1. The person's voice doesn't sound the same as yours. Example, someone says you sound like Justin Bieber when you sing, but you disagree, so you say "He doesn't sound like me."
2. Certain actions, behaviors, or words do not resemble your own. For example, you and your friend get drunk on the weekend. Your friend says you were loud, flirting with every girl at the bar, and throwing up everywhere. You say "I don't remember. That doesn't sound like me."