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emergent, ask for revision, thanks Objective: Colon cancer is currently the third leading cause of cancer death throughout the world. Recent studies indicated that over-expression of microRNA-21 (miR-21) and down regulation of Fas ligand are both associated with the improved chemo-resistance of 5-fluorouracil and cell apoptosis in colon cancer cells. The study was conducted to uncover the relationship between miR-21 and FasL in colon cancer progression. Materials and methods: In this research, various of software and q-RT-PCR were used to predict the target genes of mir-21. luciferase report assay was conducted to verify whether FasL was a target gene of miR-21. Colon cancer cells RKO were treated in there different groups: pre-mir-21 transfected group, FasL siRNA transfected group and negative control group. For each group, MTT assays were carried out to detect the cell viability; q-RT-PCR and western blot were used to measure the expression level of miR-21 in both mRNA and protein level. Expression level of caspase-3 was detected by western blot. Results: miR-21 inhibited the Fas ligand mRNA by targeting its 3'-UTR—thus further inhibits its expression at protein level in colon cancer cell line RKO. Moreover, transfected RKO cells with pre-miR-21 suppressed the expression of FasL effectively, which promoted proliferation and reduced apoptosis of RKO. After treated with 5-FU, the amount of FasL at mRNA and protein levels were both elevated. Furthermore, miR-21 over-expression and FasL down-regulation significantly reduced the therapeutic efficacy of 5-FU. Conclusion: Taken together, this study showed that miR-21 over-expression repressed the sensitivity of 5-FU and cell apoptosis by down-regulating of FasL, and miR-21 and FasL might be a pivotal clinical target of therapeutic efficacy in colorectal cancer.
2015年10月28日
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asking for editing, emergent, thanks, mates 5-Fu has been the golden standard of colon cancer therapy for ages, albeit primary and secondary drug resistances have been the main hurdles to improve the chemotherapy efficacy. Based on our research, in CRC RKO with deficient microRNA-21, minimised 5-Fu resistance showed that microRNA-21 is one of the main culprit to blame. Theoretically, agents down-regulating the miR-21 expression level could be applied to restrain the development of drug resistance. MiR-21 has been regarded as an oncogenic contributor and may play a role in 5-fu drug resistance for ages. How come miR-21 conducts its oncogenic functions? Many researchers have come up with various of mechanisms which are associated with this process. The main attention was paid to target genes of miR-21. A number of studies showed that low PTEN expression level induced trastuzumad resistance by reinforcing its downstream PI3K/AKT phosphorylation in HER2+ cancer cells; Bcl-2 over expression owning to miR-21 high level in breast cancer plays an important part in 5-fu resistance were also reported. However, only few researches emphasised the importance of 5-Fu drug resistance induced by microRNA-21. We found that over-expression of miR-21 in CRC RKO caused decrease expression of caspase-8 even treated with 5-Fu in advance. Possible solution to increase the sensitivity of chemotherapy can be co-treatment. A vitamin D analog called PRI-2205(5,6-trans calcipotriol) combined with 5-fluorouracil in human HT-29 colon cancer treatment was of use to reduce the chemo-resistance induced by alone 5-Fu-based treatment. Another study showed that co-treatment of breast cells with topotecan and anti-miR-21 sensitise the tumor cells to anticancer drugs.
2015年10月17日
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should museum tickets be free? When it comes to the debate that whether the museum should be run for free to the public, views vary from person to another. As far as I am concerned, I have to inclination that museum tickets should be free and I do hold the opinion that both the museum and visitors can be benefit from that policy. More and more people are flooded into the museum when they have an accessibility to more precious artefacts and antiques without any sacrifice. The basic function of museum are educational use. That is, more and more people will develop the awareness to preserve the past. In another perspective, these items exhibited in the museums are the treasure of the whole human race, therefore, everyone has the right to appreciate them and so that they can learn more about the wisdom and diligence of their ancestors. Others who argue that free ticket is disaster for the museums may influenced by the following reasons. First of all, museum is likely to be trapped by a financial crisis when they lost the most common fund resources. What is worse, the museums might be filled with people and sometimes the visitors have difficulties to move around. In this situation, people have no appetite for the art any longer and as a result, this will also pose a great threat to people`s safety of both their belongings and themselves. We must confess that these problem do exist when that measure are carried out. Nevertheless, they can all be controlled if proper steps can be taken. More safeguards are needed to make sure the safety. On top of that, more advanced cameras for surveillance can be installed in the museum to prevent these artefacts and antiques from stolen. Finally, the governments are good resources of money and they are accountable to support the museum to run smoothly. Based on what have been discussed above, we can draw a safe conclusion that the merits of free tickets for museums are significantly more than its demerits.
2015年9月9日
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Ask for editing Some people think that newspapers are the best source of news. Others, however, believe that news is presented better on television or the Internet. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. With the advance of science and technology, the ways people receiving information have changed dramatically. While some may hold the opinion that television and Internet are about to replace traditional media like newspaper entirely, I strongly believe that both of them will play an essential role in our daily lives. There is no denying that television and Internet provide more convenient ways for people to obtain messages they require. That means the only thing we need do is to turn on the devices, sit down and look at the screen. Instead, to buy a piece of newspaper, sometimes we have to go out, which is time-consuming and tiring. Moreover, all kinds of news reported on the screen are almost the latest events, some of them even just happened several minutes ago. However, something written in newspaper has already become old-fashioned when people read it. Another advantage which is deserved to mention is that multiple media including videos, audios and subtitles have deepened our impression on that event. Thus, we pay more value on these affairs。 Newspaper, however, has some advantages over television and Internet. First of all, we tend to have more trust in paper media. They usually take more seriously on what they report and seldom exaggerate the truth to attract the public`s attention. Also we are used to acquire news from newspapers for ages, and this habit is not possibly altered in a short period. Last but not the least, staring at the screen for too long will definitely do harm to people`s eyesights and physical postures. Reading via paper carriers makes it more comfortable and enjoyable. To put it a nutshell, either newspaper or television and Internet are indispensable sources for working and learning. I recommend people to choose the most suitable way according to their specific situations.
2015年9月5日
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Up for it, Tom! To be honest, I am just a beginner of English learning. I think English can help me to see the world in a different perspective and communicate with more interesting and nice people. In addition, I want to form the habit of thinking in English, writing in English, and speaking in English so that I can make better progress in English learning. I hope more nice mates can be with me along the way. We help each other and grow up together.
2015年9月5日
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