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This is for English learning Turkish speakers.
The word: game
Turkish speakers generally learn this word's meaning as "oyun". Almost everybody knows that game means "oyun". But the word "game" has another meaning which is much less known. If you don't know that meaning you will not understand many sentences, and even worse: You will get them wrong! What do you think "fair game" means? It sounds very similar to "fair play" so it must have a similar meaning, right? So it must mean: "adil oyun". You sure? If so, what does this sentence mean?: The tourists were fair game for the pickpockets.
Pickpockets (yankesiciler) play fair? It doesn't make any sense. So, what is happening here?
It only make sense if you know that game also means 'av'. So fair game means 'kolay av', or 'uygun av'.
#İngilizceÖğrenenTürkler
#ÇokAnlamlıİngilizceSözcükler
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This is for English learning Turkish speakers.
The word: too
Turkish speakers generally learn this word's meaning as "very" as in "The coffe is too hot" = "The coffee is very hot". This is not a problem when the adjective is something unwanted, e.g. when you change too with very in a sentence like "The coffee is too hot to drink" it still makes sense. But things get complicated with the sentences like "We can't be too careful". Its meaning is completely different from "We can't be very careful". Or "You are too clever for your own good".
too sözcüğü çoğu zaman çok olarak çevrilir: "The coffe is too hot" = Kahve çok sıcak. Bu tür cümlelerde bu çeviri çok sorun çıkarmaz. Ama "We can't be too careful" cümlesini "Çok dikkatli olamayız" diye çevirmek anlamlı olmaz. too gereğinden fazla, aşırı anlamındadır. "Gereğinden fazla dikkatli olmamız mümkün değil" yani "Ne kadar dikkatli olsak az".
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I always recommend Turkish learners to learn verbs with their complements' cases. Don't memorize verbs separately. Otherwise you may never be able to use them in a sentence properly. The only occasion we use them separately is giving orders (imperative) e.g. Git! (Go!). Don't write gitmek and its meaning in your language, as in :
gitmek - to go (wrong way to learn)
always add whether it takes an object (transitive) or another complement and if it takes a complement then note its case; e.g. ....
+(y)A gitmek (to go to),
+DAn gelmek (to come from),
-(y)I sevmek (to love+object),
+DAn nefret etmek (to hate + from !!!exception!!!),
doğmak (to be born, intransitive).
If your language has a case system, then take notes accordingly (does the verb take the same case or is it different?).
English had a case system once but now it works only for pronouns (I - me, she - her etc.)
It is much better if you add at least one short sentence (more is better) under the verb, e.g.:
+(y)A gitmek (to go to),
Ankara'ya, İstanbul'a, İzmir'e gittim.
Eve gidiyorsun.
Pazara gidecek.
Türkçe öğrenenlere daima fiilleri tamamlayıcıları ile birlikte öğrenmelerini öneriyorum. gitmek - to go diye öğrenirlerse sonra birlikte kullanılacakları durum eklerini öğrenmeleri çok zor oluyor. -(y)A gitmek, +DAn gelmek, -(y)I sevmek (geçişli), +DAn nefret etmek (istisna-İngilizceden farklı), doğmak (geçişsiz) gibi.
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This is for English learning Turkish speakers.
The word: sound
Sound is one of the first words one learns at the beginning as a noun and then as a verb. But its meaning as an adjective is not so well known.
İngilizce öğrenen herkes sound sözcüğünün ses anlamını bilir. İngilizcede çoğu sözcüğün isim biçimiyle fiil biçimi arasında fark olmadığı için bu sözcük aynı biçimiyle fiil olarak da kullanılır. Fiil anlamını da tahmin etmek, bağlamdan çıkarmak zor değildir. Ama bu sözcüğün sağlam, sağlıklı anlamında sıfat olarak kullanımı Türkçe konuşurları tarafından pek bilinmez. Örneğin "a sound sleep" sözünü okuduğunuzda birisinin sesli bir şekilde uyuduğunu düşünebilirsiniz :) Oysa kesintisiz, kaliteli, sağlıklı bir uyku kastedilmektedir. "safe and sound" çok kullanılan bir ifadedir ve güvenli ve sağlıklı (veya sağlam) anlamına gelir.
Tüm İngilizce öğrenen arkadaşlarımın hedeflerine "safe and sound" olarak ulaşmalarını diliyorum.
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This is for English learning Turkish speakers.
The word: spelling
This word is generally translated into Turkish as hecelemek which is wrong. It is suprisingly a very common mistake among Turkish speakers.
Neredeyse bütün Türkler İngilizce öğrenirken spelling sözcüğünü hecelemek olarak öğrenir, her nedense bu karşılık yerleşmiştir (yakın zamana kadar GoogleTranslate de bu şekilde çeviriyordu). Bu da çeşitli yanlış anlamalara yol açar. Öncelikle spelling sözcüğünün hece ile hiçbir ilgisi yoktur. İkinci olarak spelling sadece yazım ile ilgilidir, yani bir anlamda telaffuzun (pronunciation) zıddıdır. Birisi size bir sözcüğün spelling'ini sorarsa sözcüğün nasıl yazıldığını sormaktadır, o durumda harf harf söylemeniz gerekir. Ya da size spelling ile ilgili bir hata yaptığınız söylenirse yanlış hecelediğiniz değil sözcüğü yanlış yazdığınız kastedilmektedir.
Tüm İngilizce öğrenen arkadaşlara kolaylıklar ve başarılar dilerim.
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How do you say "otherization" (or the verb form: otherize/otherise or gerund form: othering) in Persian? I wanted to use it for an exercise but I couldn't find it. I understand it is not a daily word but it is a very important concept for social studies, lit. to make someone/ some group other, to describe the way of thinking in the terms of 'us against them' or we against others. It is slightly different from discirimination. I could try something like "دیگری شدن " (which I am not sure makes sense to a native speaker) but I guess there is a special term for it. Thank you in advance. P.S. it is "ötekileştirme" in Turkish, in case there is any Turkish speaker among you.
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I observe that some of people who teach Turkish (both professional and community teachers) have a great difficulty to find out the English terms and phrases for Turkish grammar rules or phenomena. As a result we hear some word-by-word translations of Turkish grammar terms which doesn't mean anything or a different thing in English. This is not their fault as they don't have such a training at the schools and probably they don't have the sources. If what they offer and what the student expects from them is only practise it is OK not to know terms (or the grammar rules themselves) but if they were to teach grammar probably knowing their English (originally Greek or Latin) names is necessary not for only English speaking students for others (Russian, German, French etc.) as well, because students can translate these terms into their languages easily.
I recommend my fellow Turks these sources:
Turkish: A Comprehensive Grammar by Aslı Göksel, Celia Kerslake
Phonology And Morphology of Turkish by Eser Erguvanlı Taylan
Also there is a dictionary at the end of each of AÖF books for linguistics (dilbilim) courses (2 volume) which are very helpful.
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My handwriting is ugly and illegible, I will save you from seeing it. Instead I am sharing a beautiful modern Turkish calligraphy work (by Mustafa Eren, https://mustafaerencalligraphy.com/kaligrafik/).
It reads: Yaşamak bir ağaç gibi tek ve hür ve bir orman gibi kardeşçesine / To live alone and free, like a tree; and like a forest as if we were (all) brothers/sisters. Verses from famous Turkish poet Nazım Hikmet's poem.
P.S. Turks started to use Latin alphabet about a century ago. Before that, in the Ottoman era, Arab letters were used to write Turkish and calligraphy artists (hattat) had reached excellence in that area. Some artists contuniued traditional way using Arabic letters to produce calligraphic art work, but there are some modern calligraphy artists who use latin alphabet.
2021年8月29日
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Herkese hayırlı bayramlar.
Barış Manço'nun bu güzel şarkısıyla bayramınızı kutlamak isterim. Hem hüzünlü, hem neşeli bir şarkıdır, tıpkı hayatın kendisi gibi.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5DpbAiw83k
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How to pronounce Turkish vowels? Here are some tips:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nY8OLGNlk64
Türkçenin zor söylenen ünlülerini telaffuz etmek için ipuçları.
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