Many learners find the verb piacere confusing because it works very differently from the English verb to like.  In English, the subject is the person who likes something, and the object is the thing that is liked. But in Italian, it is the opposite: the thing that is liked becomes the subject of t

Many learners find the verb piacere confusing because it works very differently from the English verb to like.&nbsp;&nbsp;In English, the subject is the person who likes something, and the object is the thing that is liked. But in Italian, it is the opposite: the thing that is liked becomes the subject of the sentence, and the person who likes it is the indirect object—the one to whom the thing is pleasing.&nbsp;That is because piacere literally means to be pleasing. So instead of saying "I like the&nbsp;pizza," you’re really saying "The pizza is pleasing to me."&nbsp; Here is how that looks in practice:&nbsp;-Mi piace la pizza. --&gt; The pizza (subject) is pleasing to me (indirect object).-Ti piace il gelato? --&gt; Is the ice cream (subject) pleasing to you (indirect object)? Understanding who is doing what in the sentence helps you get the grammar right, and once you get the hang of it, you will see that this structure is used with other Italian verbs too, like mancare (to miss) and servire (to be needed).&nbsp;<img src="https://ofs-cdn.italki.com/u/internal/galaxy/message/d0i08vt50tjdav5oq830.jpg">Today, we will explore:&nbsp;1. How piacere works and why it is different from English&nbsp;2. How it changes with singular and plural objects&nbsp;3. How to use piacere in different tenses and with pronouns&nbsp; Are you ready? Let’s dive in!&nbsp; 1. How piacere works and why it is different from English&nbsp;The structure of piacere is: [Indirect object] + piacere + [subject], e.g.:&nbsp;-Mi piace la pizza. --&gt; The pizza pleases me. (I like pizza.)&nbsp;-Ti piace il gelato? --&gt; Do you like ice cream?&nbsp;-A Maria piace il vino rosso. --&gt; Maria likes red wine.&nbsp; Here, mi and ti are indirect object pronouns:&nbsp;-mi = to me&nbsp;-ti = to you&nbsp;-gli = to him&nbsp;-le = to her&nbsp;-ci = to us&nbsp;-vi = to you (plural)&nbsp;-gli = to them (masculine or feminine) 2. How it changes with singular and plural objects&nbsp; The verb piacere changes its form to agree in number with the thing or things being liked,&nbsp;rather than with the person who likes them. In other words, if what is liked is a singular noun, you use piace, and if what is liked is a plural noun, you use piacciono. The verb always matches the grammatical subject, which, in this case, is the item or items that are considered pleasing.&nbsp;e.g.:&nbsp;-Mi piace la musica classica. --&gt; I like classical music (music is singular, so we say&nbsp;mi piace).&nbsp;-Mi piacciono i film italiani. --&gt; I like Italian movies (movies is plural, so we say mi&nbsp;piacciono).&nbsp; 3. How to use piacere in different tenses and with pronouns&nbsp;Like all verbs, piacere can be used in different tenses. In the passato prossimo, it uses essere as the auxiliary verb, and it must agree with the subject in gender and number. But here is the tricky part: In the passato prossimo, piacere always uses essere as the auxiliary verb (not avere like many other verbs). And because it uses essere, the past participle must agree in gender and number with the subject of the sentence, that is, with the thing that was liked. e.g.:&nbsp; -Singular masculine subject&nbsp;Mi è piaciuto il film. --&gt; I liked the movie.&nbsp;(Film is masculine and singular, so we use piaciuto.)&nbsp;-Singular feminine subject&nbsp;Ti è piaciuta la canzone? --&gt; Did you like the song?&nbsp;(Canzone is feminine and singular, so we use piaciuta.)&nbsp;-Plural masculine subject&nbsp;Ci sono piaciuti i libri. --&gt; We liked the books.&nbsp;(Libri is masculine and plural, so we use piaciuti.)-Plural feminine subject&nbsp; Vi sono piaciute le vacanze? --&gt; Did you all like the holidays?&nbsp;(Vacanze is feminine and plural, so we use piaciute.)&nbsp; As we are nearing the end of this article, I would like to leave you with a quick tip before&nbsp;wrapping up:&nbsp;The verb piacere often appears in impersonal constructions, especially when talking about general preferences or abstract concepts.&nbsp;e.g.:&nbsp;-Ti piace viaggiare? --&gt; Do you like traveling?&nbsp;-Mi piace studiare l’italiano. --&gt; I like studying Italian.&nbsp;-Non ci è piaciuto aspettare così tanto. --&gt; We didn’t like having to wait so long. In these cases, the subject is an entire action (viaggiare, studiare, aspettare), not a tangible noun. However, the grammar rules still apply: the verb agrees with the subject, in this&nbsp;case, the infinitive verb (which is treated as singular), and the person reacting to it is still the indirect object.&nbsp; Recognizing these patterns will help you not only with piacere, but with many everyday expressions in Italian.&nbsp;<img src="https://ofs-cdn.italki.com/u/internal/galaxy/message/d0i09sn3ggc3ktgdnoig.jpg">That is all for today’s lesson!&nbsp; Understanding piacere is key to sounding more natural in Italian. It may seem tricky at first, but with practice, this verb will become second nature. If you want to go even further, try applying this same logic to verbs like mancare, servire, and interessare, which follow a similar structure. Of course, if you have any questions or other topics you would like me to cover, let me know in the comments below.&nbsp; Thank you for reading this article!&nbsp;If you want to learn more about me, feel free to check out my profile. Ciao!&nbsp; Germana

How to use the Italian verb ‘Piacere’ correctly

Let’s be honest — speaking confidently on a call is hard enough in your native language. Add a second language and a shaky internet connection, and suddenly, saying "Hi" feels like climbing a mountain in flip-flops. If you're a remote worker (hello, Zoom warriors, Teams travelers, and Google Mee

Let’s be honest — speaking confidently on a call is hard enough in your native language. Add a second language and a shaky internet connection, and suddenly, saying "Hi" feels like climbing a mountain in flip-flops. If you're a remote worker (hello, Zoom warriors, Teams travelers, and Google Meet gladiators), mastering a few simple English tricks can make your calls way smoother and a lot less stressful.Let me explain how. We’re going to tackle three important areas: greeting and small talk, asking for clarification, and ending the call like a pro. No awkward silences. No weird goodbyes. Sound good? Let’s get rolling.<hr> First Impressions Matter: Greeting and Small TalkStarting a video call is like walking into a room where everyone’s already talking. It's easy to feel like the "new kid" for a second. But a warm greeting? That’s your golden ticket.Instead of a robotic "Hello, I am here," try something a little more natural:<ul><li>"Hi [Name], good to see you! How’s everything going?"</li><li>"Hey everyone! Hope you're all doing well."</li></ul>See the difference? It’s just a sprinkle of warmth — and it goes a long way.Pro Tip: If the call hasn’t officially started yet (maybe you're waiting for others), small talk is your secret weapon. Here are a few casual starters:<ul><li>"How’s the weather over there? We’re basically melting over here."</li><li>"Did anyone catch the game last night?"</li><li>"Any good weekend plans coming up?"</li></ul>You don't need to be a stand-up comedian. Just showing you're present and friendly makes people relax—including you.And you know what? Smiling (even if you feel a little silly) genuinely makes your voice sound friendlier. People can hear your smile through the screen. Wild, right?<hr><img src="https://ofs-cdn.italki.com/u/internal/galaxy/message/d0i03d7dra7v4got3o70.jpg"> Lost in the Connection? How to Ask for ClarificationHere’s the thing about remote calls: audio glitches are basically part of the package. Sometimes you’ll miss a word... or ten. No big deal. What matters is how you ask when you didn’t catch something.Instead of the awkward "What?!" or staying silent while nodding like you understood (we’ve all been there), use phrases like:<ul><li>"Sorry, could you repeat that? I didn’t catch it."</li><li>"Would you mind saying that again? It cut out for a second."</li><li>"Just to make sure I understood you correctly, you said [repeat part you heard]?"</li></ul>These are magic phrases. They sound polite, professional, and—most importantly—natural.Quick Heads-Up: Sometimes it's not just bad audio; sometimes it's new vocabulary or complicated ideas. If that's the case, feel free to slow things down:<ul><li>"I'm not familiar with that term—could you explain it a little more?"</li><li>"Would you mind giving an example?"</li></ul>Trust me, even native speakers use these tricks. Nobody will think less of you for asking—actually, they'll probably respect you more.<hr><img src="https://ofs-cdn.italki.com/u/internal/galaxy/message/d0i03hfdra7v4got3o80.jpg"> Wrapping Things Up: Ending the Call PolitelyEver notice how ending a video call can feel almost…weirdly dramatic? Everyone waves. There’s a tiny panic moment about who should click "Leave Meeting" first. It's basically the adult version of saying goodbye five times at a family party.Make it smoother with a clear, cheerful wrap-up:<ul><li>"Thanks so much, everyone. Really appreciate your time!"</li><li>"Great talking with you—I'll follow up by email."</li><li>"Thanks again, have a great rest of your day!"</li></ul>If you’re the one leading the call (or you just want to sound extra polished), you can even give a quick summary:<ul><li>"Alright, so just to recap, I'll send the notes by tomorrow, and we’ll meet again next Thursday. Thanks, everyone!"</li></ul>Then—and this part’s important—smile, say "Bye!" naturally, and click "Leave" without dragging it out. Clean. Confident. Done.Side Note: If you’re in a very formal meeting (especially with new clients or leadership), you might want to swap "Hi" and "Hey" for "Hello," and "Thanks" for "Thank you." Tiny tweaks make a big difference when reading the room.<hr><img src="https://ofs-cdn.italki.com/u/internal/galaxy/message/d0i03lfdra7v4got3o90.jpg"> Little Extras That Make a Big DifferenceWhile we’re here, a few bonus tips—because why not give you the "secret sauce," right?<ul><li>Check your tech: Before the call, make sure your mic, camera, and internet are good. A $20 headset can make you sound like a million bucks.</li><li>Mute yourself when not speaking: It’s polite and avoids background noise disasters (like your dog losing his mind over the mailman).</li><li>Have notes, but stay flexible: It's smart to jot down key points, but don't read word-for-word. Conversations &gt; scripts.</li><li>Be patient with yourself: Seriously. Everyone fumbles words sometimes. It's not a language thing; it's a human thing.</li></ul><hr>Wrapping It All TogetherSpeaking confidently on a phone or video call isn't about perfect grammar or flawless pronunciation. It’s about connection — sounding real, sounding interested, and keeping the energy positive.Will you sometimes talk too fast? Probably. Will you occasionally forget the word for "spreadsheet" and call it "that number table thing"? Absolutely.And you know what? It’s fine. More than fine. It's human.With a few good phrases, a little practice, and a lot of grace for yourself, you’ll not only survive your calls — you’ll shine on them.Next time you hear that "beep beep" of a meeting starting, take a deep breath, smile, and say:"Hi everyone! So happy to be here."Because, honestly? You totally belong there.

Phone and Video Call English: Sounding Confident Remotely

In any professional setting, difficult conversations are inevitable. Whether it’s addressing poor performance, discussing a sensitive issue with a colleague, or giving negative feedback to a team member, knowing how to manage these conversations respectfully and effectively is an essential skill. 

In any professional setting, difficult conversations are inevitable. Whether it’s addressing poor performance, discussing a sensitive issue with a colleague, or giving negative feedback to a team member, knowing how to manage these conversations respectfully and effectively is an essential skill. For English as a Second Language (ESL) learners, these conversations can feel even more intimidating due to language and cultural barriers. However, with the right preparation and communication techniques, anyone can navigate difficult discussions confidently in English.This article explores how to handle challenging conversations at work, especially for ESL speakers. You’ll learn common phrases, cultural tips, and strategies to ensure your message is clear, respectful, and professional. 1. Why Difficult Conversations MatterAvoiding difficult conversations can lead to misunderstandings, resentment, or reduced team performance. When handled correctly, these discussions can: -Improve workplace relationships-Clarify expectations-Solve problems efficiently-Build trust and respect As an ESL speaker, developing this skill in English will help you communicate more confidently and build stronger professional relationships. 2. Prepare Before the ConversationPreparation is key to success. Before starting the conversation: -Clarify your objective: What is the main purpose of the conversation? Is it to give feedback, resolve a conflict, or request a change?-Write down your points: This helps you organize your thoughts and ensures you don’t forget anything important.-Think about the other person’s perspective: Consider how they might feel or react.-Practice key phrases: If you’re worried about your English, rehearse what you want to say. <img src="https://ofs-cdn.italki.com/u/internal/galaxy/message/d0hvp0550tjdav5oq620.jpg">3. Start the Conversation CalmlyThe beginning of the conversation sets the tone. Stay calm, polite, and professional. Avoid jumping straight into the problem.Useful phrases to start: -"Thank you for taking the time to speak with me."-"I wanted to talk to you about something that’s been on my mind."-"I appreciate your work and would like to discuss a few concerns." 4. Use Clear and Neutral LanguageAvoid emotional or judgmental language. Be direct but respectful. Focus on facts and behaviors, not personal attacks.Instead of: -"You’re always late and lazy." Say:-"I’ve noticed that you’ve been arriving late this week. Can we talk about what’s been happening?" Useful phrases:-"I’ve observed that..."-"I wanted to understand more about..."-"It seems that..." Using neutral language makes the conversation less confrontational and more constructive.<img src="https://ofs-cdn.italki.com/u/internal/galaxy/message/d0hvph7dra7v4got3mr0.jpg"> 5. Listen ActivelyA conversation goes both ways. Show that you are listening and that you care about the other person’s point of view.Tips for active listening:-Nod and maintain eye contact-Don’t interrupt-Repeat or summarize what the other person saysUseful phrases: -"I see what you’re saying."-"So, what I hear is that..."-"That must have been difficult." 6. Focus on SolutionsDon’t just focus on the problem—discuss how to move forward. Offer suggestions and ask for the other person’s ideas.Useful phrases: -"What can we do to resolve this?"-"Let’s work together to find a solution."-"Would it help if we..."This shows you’re committed to improving the situation, not just pointing out issues. 7. Stay Professional and Emotionally CalmIt’s natural to feel emotional during difficult conversations, but staying calm helps maintain professionalism.Tips: -Take deep breaths-Speak slowly and clearly-Pause if needed to collect your thoughtsAvoid raising your voice, blaming others, or using sarcasm. 8. Follow Up After the ConversationAfter the conversation, send a short follow-up message or summary to clarify agreements or next steps.Sample follow-up email:Subject: Follow-Up from Today’s DiscussionHi [Name],Thank you for speaking with me today. I appreciate your openness. As we discussed, we agreed to [brief summary of solution or next steps]. Please let me know if there’s anything else you’d like to add.Best regards,[Your Name]This helps ensure there are no misunderstandings. 9. Common Challenges for ESL Speakers and How to Overcome Them-Fear of saying the wrong thing: Practice with a colleague or language tutor before the conversation.-Difficulty understanding native speakers: Ask them to speak more slowly or to repeat important points.-Unsure about tone or politeness: Use polite phrases and softeners like:	-"I may be wrong, but..."	-"Would you mind if I asked..."			-Translating directly from your language: Some expressions don’t translate well. Try to think in 		 English and focus on simple, clear sentences. 10. Cultural ConsiderationsDifferent cultures handle difficult conversations in different ways. Some cultures value direct communication, while others prefer a more indirect approach.Tips:-Observe how others in your workplace handle these situations.-Adjust your style to match your environment while still being authentic.-If you're unsure, ask a trusted colleague for feedback. Handling difficult conversations is an important part of professional communication. For ESL learners, it can feel challenging at first, but with preparation, practice, and the right language, you can approach these situations with confidence. Remember to stay calm, focus on the issue—not the person—and always aim for a respectful and constructive outcome.By mastering this skill in English, you not only improve your workplace relationships but also grow as a professional in the global business world.What strategies do you use to stay professional when emotions are high during a conversation?

How to Handle Difficult Conversations at Work

The placement of adjectives in Italian plays a crucial role in determining the meaning  of a sentence.

The placement of adjectives in Italian plays a crucial role in determining the meaning&nbsp;of a sentence. Unlike English, where adjectives are typically placed before the noun and&nbsp;do not significantly alter their meaning, Italian adjectives can shift between pre nominal (before the noun) and post-nominal (after the noun) positions, often resulting&nbsp;in a substantial change in interpretation.&nbsp;Today we will explore:&nbsp; 1. Why adjective placement matters in Italian&nbsp;&nbsp;2. Common adjectives that change meaning based on position&nbsp;&nbsp;3. Special adjectives like bello, grande, buono, santo and how they change form Are you ready? Let’s dive in! <h3>1. Why adjective placement matters in Italian&nbsp;</h3> In Italian, adjective placement can completely change the meaning of a sentence. For example:&nbsp;&nbsp;• un vecchio amico = a long-time friend&nbsp;• un amico vecchio = a friend who is old&nbsp; Did you notice the difference? The adjective before the noun often has a figurative or&nbsp;subjective meaning, while the adjective after the noun describes a literal quality. Let’s look at more examples!&nbsp; <h3>2. Common adjectives that change meaning based on position&nbsp;</h3>• Vecchio (old)&nbsp;-un vecchio amico → a longtime friend (figurative meaning)&nbsp;-un amico vecchio → a friend who is old (literal meaning)&nbsp; • Grande (big, great)&nbsp;- una grande città → an important/great city&nbsp;- una città grande → a physically large city&nbsp; • Povero (poor)&nbsp;- un povero uomo → a man who is unfortunate&nbsp;- un uomo povero → a man who is financially poor&nbsp; • Certo (certain, particular)&nbsp;- una certa risposta → a particular answer&nbsp;- una risposta certa → a sure/certain answerThese small differences can make a huge impact on what you are actually saying!&nbsp; <h3>3. Special adjectives like bello, grande, buono, santo and how they&nbsp;change form&nbsp;&nbsp;</h3>In Italian, some adjectives change their form depending on the first letter of the noun&nbsp;they describe. This happens to adjectives like bello (beautiful), grande (big/great),&nbsp;buono (good), and santo (saint/holy).&nbsp; Bello (beautiful)&nbsp;The adjective bello follows the same pattern as definite articles (il, lo, gli), changing its&nbsp;form depending on the noun’s initial letter.&nbsp;• un bel quadro (a beautiful painting)&nbsp;• un bello zaino (a beautiful backpack) → Before nouns starting with&nbsp;s+consonant, z, y, gn, x&nbsp; Grande (big, great)&nbsp;The adjective grande generally remains unchanged when describing singular nouns. But&nbsp;before masculine singular nouns starting with a consonant - excluding the special&nbsp;cases like s+consonant, z, y, gn, x - and to make it flow better, grande is shortened to&nbsp;gran.&nbsp;• un gran libro (a great book) → Before masculine singular nouns starting with a&nbsp;consonant (except s+consonant, z, y, gn, x)&nbsp;• un grande uomo (a great man)&nbsp;• un grande studente (a great student) Buono (good)&nbsp;Buono follows a similar pattern to bello, changing based on the initial letter of the noun&nbsp;it modifies. When buono is used before a masculine singular noun starting with a vowel&nbsp;or most consonants, it is shortened to buon.&nbsp;• un buon amico (a good friend)&nbsp;• un buono studente (a good student) → Before s+consonant, z, y, gn, x&nbsp; Santo (saint, holy)&nbsp;Santo also changes based on the noun it precedes. When it comes before a masculine&nbsp;singular proper noun that starts with a consonant (including most names), it is&nbsp;shortened to San. However, when santo comes before masculine singular proper&nbsp;nouns starting with s + consonant, santo keeps its full form.&nbsp;• San Pietro (Saint Peter) → Before most masculine singular names • Santo Stefano (Saint Stephen) → Before masculine singular names starting&nbsp;with s+consonant&nbsp;Learning these patterns will definitely make your Italian sound much more natural.&nbsp; That is all for today’s lesson!&nbsp; I hope this article has clarified some of your doubts regarding the adjective placement&nbsp;in Italian.&nbsp;Indeed, adjective placement in Italian is not arbitrary; rather, it is a key syntactic and&nbsp;semantic feature that significantly alters sentence meaning. Understanding these&nbsp;distinctions is essential for learners striving for fluency and precision in Italian. By mastering both placement rules and morphological changes, you can enhance&nbsp;their linguistic competence and express subtle nuances with greater accuracy. Of course, if you have any questions or other topics you would like me to cover, let me&nbsp;know in the comments below.&nbsp;Thank you for reading this article!&nbsp; If you want to learn more about me, feel free to check out my profile. Ciao!&nbsp;

The Role of Adjective Placement in Italian

CEFR Level: A2-B1 | Reading Time: 5-7 minutes

Awkward moments happen. That’s normal. But when you’re learning English, they can feel worse. Maybe you forget a word. Maybe you don’t understand what someone said. Maybe you speak at the wrong time. This article gives you simple ways to handle those moments. It also shows you what to say and how to stay calm. Knowing how to respond during uncomfortable situations will help you speak more confidently and keep the conversation going. These tips are useful in daily life, in the classroom, at work, and even online. <h3>1. When You Forget a Word</h3>You’re talking, then your brain goes blank. You know the meaning, but you can’t remember the word. Don’t panic. Try saying:-“Let me think for a second.”-“How can I say this?”-“It’s a kind of...”-“You use it to...”-“What’s the word for...?”These phrases show you’re still speaking, and they give you time to find your words. You can also describe the thing until someone guesses it. For example: “It’s something you use to clean the floor... it makes noise... ah! A vacuum!”It’s helpful to practice paraphrasing—saying the same idea in a different way. This is a great skill for communication in any language. <h3>2. When You Don’t Understand</h3>Not understanding is normal. You might not catch a word, a whole sentence, or even the point of what someone is saying. Don’t pretend. Ask for help. Try:-“Sorry?” (say it with a polite tone)-“I didn’t catch that. Can you say it again?”-“What does [word] mean?”-“Can you explain that?”It’s also okay to ask someone to slow down: “Could you speak a bit more slowly, please?”Being honest helps the conversation. Most people are glad to explain. <h3>3. When You Interrupt Someone</h3>Sometimes you speak too soon. Or maybe there was a delay on a call. If you interrupt someone by accident, it’s okay. Just say:-“Sorry to interrupt.”-“Can I add something?”-“May I say something quickly?”And if you realise you spoke over someone:-“Oh, sorry—go ahead.”-“I didn’t mean to cut you off.”Being polite and calm helps keep the conversation smooth. <h3>4. When There’s a Long Pause</h3>A pause in conversation can feel awkward. But silence is normal. People pause to think. If you need time to find your words, try using small fillers:-“Um...”-“Well...”-“Let me think...”-“That’s a good question.”These phrases show you’re still engaged. They give your brain time to work. Practise using them naturally in your speaking. <h3>5. In Online Classes or Calls</h3>Online conversations have their own awkward moments. The sound might cut out. Someone might freeze. You or the other person might forget to unmute.If it’s the other person:-“I think you’re on mute.”-“Your sound is cutting out.”-“Can you repeat that?”If it’s you:-“Sorry, I was on mute.”-“Let me say that again.”-“I lost connection for a moment.”These phrases are simple and clear. Use a calm tone. Everyone has tech issues sometimes. <h3>6. When You Don’t Get the Joke</h3>Humour is tricky in another language. You might not understand a joke, a pun, or an idiom. That’s okay. You can ask:-“I didn’t get that. What does it mean?”-That’s a new one for me. Can you explain it?”You can also say, “I think I missed the joke. Can you tell me again?” People often enjoy explaining and sharing phrases.When you understand, repeat the idiom or joke to practise using it later. <h3>7. Sound More Natural</h3>English speakers—especially in the UK—often use soft language. This means they try not to sound too direct.To sound more natural:-Add “just”: “I just wanted to ask...”-Use past tense politely: “I was wondering if...”-Use modal verbs: “Could you help me?” instead of “Help me.”Also:-Say “please,” “thank you,” and “sorry” often.-Smile and use a soft tone when possible.These small changes make a big difference. They help you sound friendly and respectful. <h3>8. Don’t Panic</h3>Everyone makes mistakes. That includes native speakers. The most important thing is to keep going. Here’s what you can do:-Take a breath.-Say: “Oops, that’s not right” or “Let me try again.”-Laugh a little if it helps.-Focus on what you want to say. Don’t worry about being perfect. Good communication is about connection, not perfection.If you keep speaking, listening, and learning, awkward moments will happen less often—and you’ll know how to handle them better when they do. <h3>9. Practise Before You Need It</h3>You don’t need to wait for an awkward moment to practise. Try these ideas:-Write down some of your favourite phrases from this article.-Practise them out loud.-Use them in your lessons or language exchanges.-Role-play with a friend: pretend you forgot a word or didn’t understand something.The more you practise now, the easier it will feel later. Awkward moments are part of learning. But they don’t have to stop you. You can stay calm, use simple phrases, and keep the conversation going. Pick one situation from this article and practise the phrases. Then try another. Bit by bit, you’ll feel more confident—even when things get uncomfortable.

English for Awkward Moments: What to Say When You Don’t Know What to Say

When you start working in an English-speaking business environment, you may find that people often use words and expressions that aren’t taught in textbooks. These words are called business jargon and idioms. They are informal or figurative ways of speaking, and they can be confusing—even for native speakers! As an ESL&nbsp;learner, understanding business jargon and idioms is important. It helps you communicate more naturally, understand meetings, and feel more confident in professional situations. In this article, we will explore what these terms mean, why they are used, and go through common examples with easy-to-understand explanations. <h3>What is Business Jargon?</h3>Business jargon refers to technical or trendy words and phrases used in the workplace. These are often used in specific industries or departments and might sound impressive but can be confusing if you don’t know what they mean. Examples of Business Jargon:-Leverage – Use something to your advantage. “We need to leverage our partnerships to grow faster.”-Synergy – When different departments or people work together and the result is better than working alone. “There’s great synergy between marketing and sales.”-Touch base – Contact someone to check in or discuss something. “Let’s touch base next week to go over the proposal.”-Bandwidth – Time or mental capacity to handle more work. “I don’t have the bandwidth to take on another project right now.”-Circle back – Return to a topic later. “Let’s circle back to this issue after lunch.”These phrases may sound strange at first, but they are commonly used in emails, meetings, and presentations. <h3>What is a Business Idiom?</h3>An idiom is a phrase where the meaning is different from the literal definition of the words. For example, “break the ice” doesn’t mean physically breaking ice—it means starting a conversation in a friendly way.Common Business Idioms:-Break the ice – Start a conversation in a relaxed way. “The manager told a joke to break the ice at the meeting.”-Think outside the box – Be creative and look for new ideas. “We need to think outside the box to solve this problem.”-Get the ball rolling – Start a process or activity. “Let’s get the ball rolling on this project today.”-Back to the drawing board – Start again because the first attempt failed. “The client didn’t like the design, so it’s back to the drawing board.”-Hit the ground running – Start working quickly and effectively. “We need someone who can hit the ground running in this role.”These idioms help make speech more colorful and natural, but they require practice and context to understand properly. <h3>Why Are Jargon and Idioms Used in Business?</h3>Many professionals use jargon and idioms to:-Sound professional or modern-Save time with common phrases-Create team identity or bonding-Add humor or style to communicationHowever, too much jargon can be confusing, even for native speakers. That’s why it’s okay to ask questions or request clarification if you’re unsure. <h3>Tips for ESL Learners to Understand and Use Business Jargon and Idioms</h3>1. Listen and Read RegularlyWatch business videos (like TED Talks), attend meetings, or listen to podcasts in English. Read business blogs, news, or LinkedIn posts. These materials often use natural, real-world language.2. Keep a Business Idioms JournalEvery time you hear or read a new phrase, write it down. Note the meaning, context, and an example sentence. Review the list regularly.3. Ask for ClarificationIf a colleague says something you don’t understand, don’t be afraid to ask:<ul><li>“Sorry, what does ‘circle back’ mean?”</li><li>“Can you explain what you meant by ‘low-hanging fruit’?”</li></ul>Most people are happy to explain.4. Practice Using ThemTry to include one or two new idioms in your next email, meeting, or conversation. Start small, and soon they will become natural.5. Learn in ContextIdioms often depend on tone or situation. Watching videos or reading stories that include business conversations will help you understand when and how to use them. <h3>More Business Jargon and Idioms to Know</h3><img src="https://ofs-cdn.italki.com/u/internal/galaxy/message/d08rtdmsj5i8o8bn7cfg.png"> <h3>What to Avoid</h3>While it’s useful to understand jargon and idioms, be careful not to:-Overuse them – Too many can sound unnatural or forced.-Use them without understanding – Always know the meaning before using.-Use them in formal writing – Avoid in formal reports or legal documents unless it’s a quote or part of speech. Understanding business jargon and idioms is an important skill for ESL learners who want to succeed in English-speaking workplaces. These expressions help you connect with colleagues, follow meetings, and express yourself more naturally. Don’t worry if they seem confusing at first—like any part of language, they become easier with time and practice. Start small, keep a journal, ask questions, and slowly incorporate these phrases into your business English conversations. Remember, learning business English isn’t just about grammar and vocabulary—it’s also about understanding the culture, tone, and expressions used every day in the workplace. Ready to “get the ball rolling”? Start by choosing three idioms from this article and try using them in your next conversation or email!

Understanding Business Jargon and Idioms

In this article, I'll discuss a few points about what it's like to live in Portugal, such as the cost of living, climate, gastronomy, and others. Come and find out a bit about Portugal!

In this article, I'll discuss a few points about what it's like to live in Portugal, such as the cost of living, climate, gastronomy, and others. Come and find out a bit about Portugal! <h3>Pleasant climate</h3>The climate in Portugal is quite varied, with different characteristics depending on the region of the country. In general terms, Portugal has a Mediterranean climate in the coastal areas and a more continental climate in the inland regions. But don't be fooled if you think it doesn't get cold in Portugal. Many houses don't have any kind of heating and it can be rather expensive to install heating and it’s also possible to see snow in Portugal.&nbsp;How do you choose where to live or spend your holidays? Winters: Winters in coastal areas, such as Lisbon and Porto, are generally mild and rainy, with temperatures ranging from 8°C to 15°C. If you don't like rain, traveling in winter or living in these cities may not be the best choice. Summers: Summers are hot and dry, and average temperatures can range from 25°C to 35°C in the lower areas close to the sea, such as Lisbon and the Algarve. In the Algarve regions, temperatures can easily exceed 40°C during heatwaves, especially in July and August. The Algarve is a favorite destination for many immigrants due to its climate.Alentejo, Trás-os-Montes , and Beiras are special regions with greater variations in temperature between summer and winter. Winters: Winters in the interior of Portugal are colder and harsher, with temperatures that can drop below 0°C in some regions, especially in the mountains or higher inland areas. Frosts are common and snow can fall in the higher areas. Summers: Summer in the interior is extremely hot and dry, with temperatures often exceeding 35°C, and can reach 40°C on the hottest days. Nights, however, tend to be cooler compared to the coastal area.On the islands, the climate is very special. Madeira: Madeira's climate is subtropical, with mild temperatures all year round. Temperatures vary between 15°C and 22°C in winter and 20°C to 28°C in summer. The island has a mild climate, with a good amount of rainfall throughout the year, especially in the mountainous areas. The vegetation is lush due to the humidity and mild temperatures. Azores: The climate in the Azores is temperate oceanic, with mild temperatures throughout the year. In winter, average temperatures are between 12°C and 17°C, while in summer they range from 18°C to 25°C. The Azores are known for their high rainfall, with frequent rains throughout the year, which results in very green and lush vegetation. Humidity is high, and the climate can be variable, with rapidly changing weather. <h3>Cost of Living</h3>Lisbon, the capital of Portugal, has become one of the most expensive cities in the world when analyzing the cost of living in relation to income. If your salary comes from another country, the cost of living can be totally different. The average price for renting a one-bedroom house in Lisbon can cost between 900€ and 1,300€ per month. A two-bedroom flat can cost between €1,300 and €2,000 per month. 3 or more bedrooms (in more central or good areas): rents can range from €2,000 to €3,500 or even more, depending on the location and condition of the property. For those interested in buying a one-bedroom flat, the price can range from €150,000 to €250,000, while a three-bedroom flat can range from €450,000 to €800,000 or more, especially in more central or prestigious areas. But as we often say, it's not all Lisbon and there are much more affordable cities. In Braga, for example, you can find a one-bedroom house for between 500 and 700 euros. Other cities include Coimbra, Viseu, Aveiro, Funchal (Madeira), Leiria, Évora, Ponta Delgada (Azores), Castelo Branco and Guarda. They have much lower living costs compared to Lisbon and Porto and are great alternatives with various services for society. <h3>Natural beauty</h3>Portugal is a country with a great diversity of landscapes: beaches, mountains, countryside, vineyards, and historic towns. Nature is accessible to those who want to go hiking, surfing, boating,g and much more. Whether you like the beach or nature, Portugal is the ideal destination for you. You can have the best of both worlds in just one country. <h3>Culture and History</h3>Portugal has a rich cultural and historical heritage. Cities like Lisbon, Porto, and Sintra offer an immersion in history, architecture, art, and cuisine. In addition, traditional festivals such as Fado and popular festivals are a highlight. But don't worry. The vast majority of cities and regions always have something to see, so wherever you go you'll always have something to see or get to know. <h3>Gastronomy</h3>Portugal ranked number 5 in the world's best gastronomy in 2025.Portuguese gastronomy is a reflection of Portugal's history, geography and cultural traditions, and is characterised by a great diversity of dishes and flavours. Influenced by Mediterranean cuisine, Portuguese cuisine is known for its use of fresh, seasonal ingredients such as fish, seafood, meat, vegetables, olive oil, spices and herbs. Portuguese gastronomy is extremely rich and varied, from fish to meat to soups and of course the deserts. <h3>Health system</h3>Health care in Portugal is guaranteed by the National Health Service (SNS), which was created in 1979 and is responsible for most of the country's medical and hospital care. All Portuguese citizens and legal residents have the right to healthcare, with controlled costs or free in many cases, depending on the situation. Portugal has public and private hospitals offering a range of specialised treatments and services, with the SNS covering hospital costs for the most part. There are health centers all over the country that offer basic healthcare, such as general and family medicine consultations, nursing services, and disease screening. According to Euro Health Consumer Index by Country 2025 Portugal is in 13th place.&nbsp; Although the SNS covers most healthcare, the private sector is also very present, with many Portuguese opting for private health insurance to access faster or more specific care. Around 3M people in Portugal have health insurance, which allows them to go private without having to pay the full amount.&nbsp; <h3>Some of the challenges facing the health system in Portugal:&nbsp;</h3>Lack of health professionals, especially doctors and nurses in some remote areas. Waiting times: Some patients, especially those who need appointments with specialists, can face long waiting times. Financial sustainability: The increase in the elderly population and the pressure on health services require continuous reforms in the financing and organization of health care. <h3>Education</h3>Education in Portugal is highly valued and has undergone several changes over the years, with the aim of modernising and aligning itself with the needs of the contemporary world. The Portuguese education system is public and “free” for citizens, which makes it accessible to a large part of the population. As well as having a public and private education system, depending on your tastes and wallet, Portugal has some well-known universities in Europe. The University of Coimbra is one of the oldest in Europe and in 2013 was recognised by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. Founded in Lisbon by King Dinis in 1290, it was definitively transferred to Coimbra in 1537, occupying the Paço Real buildings. The University of Lisbon comes 28th in the European ranking of the best universities.&nbsp; <h3>Fees and Taxes</h3>In Portugal we have a number of taxes and the main category ones are: Income Tax, Consumption Tax (Standard Rate: 23%, Intermediate Rate: 13% and Reduced Rate: 6%), Petroleum Products Tax, Property Tax, Special Consumption Tax, Administrative Fees, and Social Security Contributions. <h3>Ease of Retirement</h3>Portugal is a popular destination for retirees, mainly due to its pleasant climate, affordable cost of living, and tax benefits, such as exemptions for foreign retirees in some situations. <h3>Strategic Position</h3>Portugal is very well located for traveling, whether to explore the rest of Europe or to more distant destinations. Lisbon Airport, for example, has connections to practically every continent. As it is located in Europe, it is possible to travel very cheaply to other European countries.

What it's like to live in Portugal

Let’s be honest—disagreements at work are basically unavoidable. Different ideas, different styles, different ways of getting things done... it’s kind of the nature of working with other people. But what is avoidable is letting those disagreements turn into full-blown drama. And for English le

Let’s be honest—disagreements at work are basically unavoidable. Different ideas, different styles, different ways of getting things done... it’s kind of the nature of working with other people. But what is avoidable is letting those disagreements turn into full-blown drama. And for English learners, the challenge isn’t just what you say—it’s how you say it.That’s where things get a little tricky, right?Let’s talk about how to express disagreement, give feedback, and deal with conflict at work—in English—without sounding rude, cold, or like you’re starting a fight. <h3>So, what’s the big deal about disagreeing?</h3>You’d think saying “I don’t agree” would be simple. But tone, phrasing, and culture all play a huge role—especially in English-speaking workplaces where how you communicate can affect your relationships just as much as what you’re saying.And here's the thing: in many professional settings, being too direct can come across as aggressive—even if you didn’t mean it that way. So if you’re translating directly from your native language, that can lead to misunderstandings fast.Let’s say your coworker suggests using a software tool that you know doesn’t work well. You want to say “That’s a bad idea”—but maybe that sounds too harsh. So what do you say instead? <h3>“I see your point, but…”</h3>This little phrase is a game-changer.“I see your point, but…” is like a soft cushion for your disagreement. You’re saying, “Hey, I heard you—I respect that—but I’ve got a different take.” It keeps the door open for conversation instead of shutting it with a flat “no.”You could say:-“I see your point, but I think we might run into some issues with compatibility.”-“I totally get where you're coming from, but have you considered how that might affect the timeline?”Notice the difference? You’re not dismissing their idea—you’re adding a perspective. <h3>“Can we look at this from another angle?”</h3>This one’s a little sneakier, in the best way.Instead of disagreeing directly, you’re inviting curiosity. You’re basically saying, “Hey, let’s zoom out for a second.” It’s especially helpful in meetings where you don’t want to challenge someone in front of others—but you do want to question the direction.For example:-“Can we look at this from another angle? What happens if we hit that deadline early?”-“I’m just thinking out loud here, but could we approach this differently?”It keeps things collaborative, not confrontational. Plus, it shows that you’re thinking critically—huge plus in most workplaces. <h3>“I think we may have misunderstood each other.”</h3>Now this one? It’s a lifesaver when things start feeling tense. If you sense the conversation is getting emotional, or someone’s getting defensive, this phrase can pull things back into neutral.It also puts the responsibility on both people. You’re not blaming anyone; you’re saying, “Let’s reset.”Try something like:-“Sorry, I think we may have misunderstood each other—I wasn’t saying we shouldn’t do it, just that we might want to test it first.”-“Wait, I think something got lost there. I actually agree with your main idea—I was just questioning the budget part.”Tone of voice really matters here. Keep it calm, maybe even light. You’re not admitting fault; you’re just inviting clarity. <h3>Feedback: The delicate art of telling someone they messed up (nicely)</h3>Alright, let’s talk about feedback. Giving it. Getting it. Not freaking out about it.In many English-speaking workplaces—especially in the U.S., U.K., and parts of Canada—feedback is supposed to be constructive, not personal. Still, for learners, it can feel super awkward.You want to say, “This report was really disorganized”—but that could sound harsh or insulting. So what do you say?Here are a few softer ways to give feedback:-“One thing that might help is organizing the sections a bit more clearly.”-“It might be worth double-checking the numbers in that second graph—just to be sure.”-“You’ve got a solid start here. Maybe we can tighten up the intro a bit?”See how those sound more like suggestions than criticism? That’s the sweet spot.Also, when receiving feedback—try to treat it like a tool, not an attack. Easier said than done, but seriously, the ability to say “Thanks, I’ll take a look at that” instead of getting defensive? That’s professional gold. <h3>The emotional side of conflict: It’s not just about language</h3>Let’s not pretend this is just about grammar or phrasing. Conflict—especially at work—can feel personal. Maybe your idea got shot down. Maybe someone misunderstood you, and now things are awkward. That stuff sticks.And when you’re not communicating in your first language? That stress can double.So here’s a quick emotional check-in:-Breathe. Sounds obvious, but when emotions spike, so does your speech. Slowing down helps both your brain and your English.-Clarify. If you’re not sure what someone meant, ask. “Sorry, do you mean X or Y?” Simple, powerful.-Pause before reacting. Even a short “Let me think about that” gives you time to respond calmly.-Use empathy phrases. Things like “I understand why that might be frustrating” or “That makes sense” help reduce tension.Sometimes just showing that you're trying to understand is enough to change the tone of the whole conversation. <h3>Quick aside: Culture matters—a lot</h3>One last thing. Work culture around conflict changes from place to place. In some countries, disagreement is expected and even encouraged—debating ideas is seen as healthy. In others, people may avoid conflict entirely, even if they strongly disagree.So if you're working in an international environment (or just adjusting to a new culture), don't beat yourself up if things feel awkward at first. You'll learn the rhythm over time. And hey—just being aware of that is already a huge step forward. <h3>Wrapping up: Keep it human</h3>Disagreeing at work doesn’t have to be scary. It’s just part of being human—and part of being a team. The trick is learning to communicate with clarity and kindness.So next time you're stuck in a meeting, unsure how to express your opinion, remember:-You can disagree and still be respectful.Phrases like “I see your point, but…” or “Can we look at this another way?” can open doors instead of closing them.-Feedback doesn’t have to hurt—and receiving it doesn’t mean you failed.-And no, you don’t have to be perfect. Just thoughtful.Because really, good communication isn’t just about language. It’s about connection. And that? That’s something we’re all still working on.

Conflict at Work: How to Handle Disagreements in English

This article explores the essential strategies for both giving and receiving constructive feedback in the workplace, ensuring that the feedback process leads to positive outcomes for everyone involved.

In today’s fast-paced and interconnected work environment, constructive feedback is one of the most important tools for personal and professional growth. Whether you’re a manager offering guidance to your team or an employee looking to improve your performance, giving and receiving feedback effectively can make all the difference. However, providing feedback in a way that promotes improvement rather than defensiveness, and receiving it with an open mind, requires careful communication skills and a strategic approach. This article explores the essential strategies for both giving and receiving constructive feedback in the workplace, ensuring that the feedback process leads to positive outcomes for everyone involved. <h3>The Importance of Constructive Feedback in the Workplace</h3>Constructive feedback is essential for fostering a culture of continuous improvement, accountability, and growth. It helps employees understand what they are doing well and where they need to improve. When done correctly, it promotes transparency and open communication, enabling teams to work more effectively and cohesively. In contrast to destructive feedback, which focuses on criticism without offering solutions, constructive feedback provides specific, actionable insights that help individuals improve their performance. It is future-focused, positive, and encourages self-reflection and personal development. <h3>1. Strategies for Giving Constructive Feedback</h3>Giving feedback can be tricky, especially if you’re addressing areas that need improvement. However, using a thoughtful and structured approach can make the process easier and more effective. 1.1. Focus on Specific Behaviors, Not PersonalitiesWhen providing feedback, focus on specific behaviors or actions rather than making it personal. This helps to avoid triggering defensive reactions. Instead of saying, “You’re not good at communicating,” focus on the specific instance: “In yesterday’s meeting, I noticed that the message was unclear to the team, and it might have led to confusion.”This approach allows the recipient to focus on the issue rather than feeling personally attacked. 1.2. Use the “Feedback Sandwich” MethodThe “feedback sandwich” is a popular technique for delivering constructive feedback. It involves starting with positive feedback, addressing the areas that need improvement, and ending with another positive comment. This structure helps ease the recipient into the feedback process and ensures that the conversation feels balanced.For example:-Positive: “Your report was very thorough and provided a lot of valuable data.”-Constructive: “However, I noticed that the presentation was a bit disorganized, which made it harder for the team to follow.”-Positive: “I’m confident that with some clearer structuring, your presentations will be even more effective.”By framing the constructive feedback within two positives, you reduce the likelihood of the person feeling criticized. 1.3. Be TimelyFor feedback to be effective, it must be delivered in a timely manner. Don’t wait weeks or months to address an issue. The longer you wait, the less relevant the feedback becomes, and the harder it is for the person to apply it. Whenever possible, give feedback shortly after the event or behavior that prompted it, while it’s still fresh in everyone’s minds.However, avoid giving feedback in the heat of the moment when emotions might still be high. Take time to cool off and approach the situation calmly and professionally. 1.4. Offer Actionable SuggestionsConstructive feedback should always include specific, actionable suggestions for improvement. Telling someone they need to “do better” is not helpful unless you provide clear steps for how they can improve. For example, instead of saying, “Your emails are too confusing,” offer a solution: “I recommend breaking your emails into shorter paragraphs and using bullet points to make them easier to follow.”By offering solutions, you turn feedback into an opportunity for growth. 1.5. Maintain a Balanced PerspectiveIt’s essential to strike a balance between positive and constructive feedback. Constantly pointing out areas for improvement without acknowledging what’s being done well can leave employees feeling demotivated. On the other hand, only offering praise without addressing weaknesses can prevent employees from realizing their full potential.By maintaining a balance, you can create a culture where feedback is expected, welcomed, and seen as a way to enhance both individual and team performance. <h3>2. Strategies for Receiving Constructive Feedback</h3>Receiving feedback can be challenging, especially when it’s about areas that need improvement. However, approaching feedback with an open mind can help you grow both personally and professionally. 2.1. Adopt a Growth MindsetA growth mindset means viewing challenges and feedback as opportunities for development. When you receive constructive feedback, try to see it as a tool for growth rather than criticism. Acknowledge that no one is perfect, and everyone has areas where they can improve.Instead of thinking, “I’m not good at this,” shift your mindset to, “I’m working on improving this skill.” 2.2. Listen ActivelyWhen receiving feedback, it’s essential to listen actively and avoid interrupting. Even if the feedback feels uncomfortable, allow the other person to finish speaking before responding. Show that you’re listening by nodding or using phrases like “I understand” or “Thank you for the feedback.”By actively listening, you demonstrate that you’re taking the feedback seriously and are open to making changes. 2.3. Ask for ClarificationIf the feedback you receive is unclear or too vague, don’t hesitate to ask for clarification. Asking questions shows that you’re engaged and eager to understand how you can improve. You might say, “Can you give me an example of when this happened?” or “What would you recommend I do differently in this situation?”Clarifying feedback helps ensure that you fully understand the issue and can take actionable steps to address it. 2.4. Stay Calm and Manage EmotionsReceiving constructive feedback, especially if it’s about something important to you, can trigger emotional reactions like frustration or defensiveness. It’s important to stay calm and manage your emotions during the feedback process. If you feel upset, take a deep breath, and focus on the content of the feedback rather than how it’s making you feel.You might also take a moment after receiving feedback to process it privately before responding. This helps ensure that your response is measured and thoughtful. 2.5. Take Ownership of Your DevelopmentUltimately, feedback is a tool for your development, and it’s up to you to decide how to use it. Once you’ve received constructive feedback, reflect on it and create a plan to address the areas for improvement. Taking ownership of your growth shows that you’re proactive and committed to personal development.For example, if you’ve been told that your communication style needs improvement, you could take a course in business communication or work with a mentor to enhance your skills. <h3>3. Creating a Feedback Culture in the Workplace</h3>To make feedback more effective and less daunting, organizations should strive to create a culture where feedback is expected and embraced by all employees. This involves normalizing feedback as a part of everyday communication rather than reserving it for formal reviews or when problems arise. 3.1. Encourage Regular FeedbackEncourage both managers and employees to give and seek feedback regularly. The more often feedback is exchanged, the more comfortable everyone becomes with the process. Regular feedback prevents issues from escalating and promotes continuous improvement.You can introduce feedback opportunities through regular one-on-one meetings, team debriefs, or informal conversations. Creating regular channels for feedback also helps employees feel supported in their growth. 3.2. Model Positive Feedback BehaviorLeaders play a key role in modeling positive feedback behavior. When managers give constructive feedback with empathy and clarity, employees are more likely to adopt similar practices. Additionally, when managers receive feedback with openness and humility, they set an example for the rest of the organization. 3.3. Train Employees in Feedback SkillsProviding feedback effectively is a skill that can be developed. Organizations can invest in training programs that teach employees how to give and receive feedback in a constructive way. This training can cover topics such as communication techniques, emotional intelligence, and handling difficult conversations.By providing employees with the right tools, you create a more confident and effective workforce that thrives on continuous feedback and improvement. Giving and receiving constructive feedback is a crucial skill in the workplace, one that fosters growth, improves performance, and strengthens relationships. For feedback to be truly effective, it needs to be specific, actionable, and delivered with empathy. On the receiving end, it’s equally important to approach feedback with an open mind, listen actively, and take ownership of your development. By incorporating these strategies into your daily work life, you can create a positive feedback culture where everyone is empowered to grow and succeed. Feedback is not about pointing out faults—it's about creating opportunities for improvement and achieving greater success together. What’s one piece of constructive feedback you’ve received that helped you grow in your career?

How to Give and Receive Constructive Feedback: Strategies for Success in the Workplace

If you want to express yourself naturally in Italian, mastering the Periodo Ipotetico—or Conditional Sentence—is a must.

Did you know that Italian has three types of conditional sentences—just like in English?&nbsp;If you want to express yourself naturally in Italian, mastering the Periodo Ipotetico—or&nbsp;Conditional Sentence—is a must. Italians use these structures all the time, whether they are&nbsp;talking about possibilities, hypothetical situations, or even regrets about the past. Think about how often you say things like, ‘If I have time, I will call you’, or ‘If I were you, I&nbsp;wouldn’t do that’. These types of sentences are just as common in Italian, and learning to&nbsp;use them correctly will instantly make you sound more fluent and confident. In this article, I will guide you through how to form and use them correctly, so you can gain&nbsp;confidence in your Italian.&nbsp;Ready to dive in? Let’s get started!&nbsp; <h3>What is the Periodo Ipotetico?&nbsp;</h3>The Periodo Ipotetico is the Italian way of expressing conditional sentences—situations that&nbsp;depend on specific conditions. In Italian, these often start with se (if).&nbsp;Although these conditionals are similar to their English counterparts, there are some key&nbsp;differences in how they are formed and used. Understanding these differences will help you&nbsp;avoid common mistakes and make your Italian sound more natural.&nbsp;Just like in English, there are three main types: Type 1. Periodo Ipotetico della Realtà (First Conditional) – Used for real and possible&nbsp;situations.&nbsp;This type expresses situations that are likely or possible.&nbsp; Structure:&nbsp;Se (if) + Present Indicative, + Future Indicative/Present Indicative/Imperative e.g.:&nbsp;• Se studi, supererai l’esame. (If you study, you will pass the exam.)&nbsp;• Se piove, porto l’ombrello. (If it rains, I will take my umbrella.)&nbsp;• Se hai fame, mangia qualcosa! (If you are hungry, eat something!)&nbsp; Type 2. Periodo Ipotetico della Possibilità (Second Conditional) – Used for hypothetical or&nbsp;unlikely situations.&nbsp;This type expresses situations that are unlikely but still possible.&nbsp; Structure:&nbsp;Se (if) + Imperfect Subjunctive, + Conditional Present&nbsp;e.g.:&nbsp;• Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei di più. (If I had more time, I would travel more.) • Se fossi ricco, comprerei una villa in Toscana. (If I were rich, I would buy a villa in&nbsp;Tuscany.) - (Ed.: I wish!)&nbsp;• Se vivessi in Sicilia, andrei sempre al mare. (If I lived in Sicily, I would always go to&nbsp;the beach.)&nbsp; Type 3. Periodo Ipotetico dell’Impossibilità (Third Conditional) – Used for regrets and&nbsp;impossible situations in the past.&nbsp;This type expresses situations that are impossible because they refer to the past or unreal&nbsp;conditions.&nbsp; Structure:&nbsp;Se (if) + Pluperfect Subjunctive, + Conditional Past&nbsp;e.g.:• Se avessi studiato di più, avrei superato l’esame. (If I had studied more, I would&nbsp;have passed the esam.)&nbsp;• Se fossi arrivato in tempo, avrei preso il treno. (If I had arrived on time, I would&nbsp;have caught the train.)&nbsp;• Se avessi letto il messaggio, sarei venuto a prenderti. (If I had read your message,&nbsp;I would have come to pick you up.)&nbsp; <h3>Why is the Periodo Ipotetico so important?&nbsp;</h3>The Periodo Ipotetico is a fundamental part of the Italian language, allowing you to express&nbsp;possibility, uncertainty, hypothetical situations, and even regrets. Without a solid grasp of&nbsp;conditionals, your ability to communicate complex thoughts and ideas in Italian would be&nbsp;limited.&nbsp; Understanding these structures enables you to speculate about the future, discuss what&nbsp;could or might happen, and reflect on past events that didn’t go as planned. Conditionals&nbsp;are essential in daily conversations, storytelling, negotiations, and even polite requests. Moreover, while the Italian periodo ipotetico has similarities to English conditionals, there&nbsp;are key differences in structure and usage that often confuse learners. Mastering these&nbsp;nuances will not only help you avoid common mistakes but also make your speech more&nbsp;fluid, precise, and natural.&nbsp; Whether you're engaging in casual conversation, writing a formal letter, or expressing&nbsp;wishes and regrets, knowing how to use conditionals correctly will greatly enhance your&nbsp;confidence and fluency in Italian.&nbsp;&nbsp; Here are a few more examples to illustrate their power:&nbsp;• First Conditional (Real Situations) - Used for situations that are likely to happen&nbsp;in the present or future.&nbsp;Se ti alleni subito dopo mangiato, ti sentirai male. (If you work out after lunch,&nbsp;you will feel sick.)• Second Conditional (Hypothetical Situations) - Used for events that are&nbsp;unlikely or imaginary.&nbsp;Se fossi un attore famoso, vivrei a Hollywood. (If I were a famous actor, I would&nbsp;live in Hollywood.)&nbsp;• Third Conditional (Past Regrets and Hypotheticals) - Used to talk about past&nbsp;situations that can no longer change.&nbsp;Se avessi ascoltato i suoi consigli, non avrei commesso quell’errore. (If I had&nbsp;listened to his advice, I wouldn’t have made that mistake.)&nbsp; Ok, now that we have learned the rules, let me give you a Bonus Tip.&nbsp;Remember: Don’t use "che" instead of "se"!&nbsp;Indeed, the Italian Periodo Ipotetico is always introduced by se.&nbsp;But it may happen for you to hear Italian omit the se in informal speech, especially for Type&nbsp;1 sentences, to sound more natural.&nbsp;e.g.:&nbsp;• Piove, porto l’ombrello.&nbsp;It is not mandatory, but it is a fun trick to sound like a native.&nbsp; That is all for today!&nbsp;I hope this article has clarified some of the mysteries of the Periodo Ipotetico for you.&nbsp;Of course, if you have any questions or other topics you would like me to cover, let me&nbsp;know in the comments below.&nbsp;&nbsp;Thank you reading this article!&nbsp;If you want to learn more about me, feel free to check out my profile.&nbsp;Ciao!&nbsp;