Hi Song English. (b) is a correct sentence but (a) and (c) are not correct. For (a) I would say "Tom's parents heavily criticized the school" For (c) you could say "the school was met with strong criticism by Tom's parents" (although this is very formal).

In general, words have multiple meanings, and verb, adjective and noun forms derived from the same root can have very different meanings. Unfortunately, you just have to learn them. In your examples of critical here the meaning is similar but there are contexts where that isn’t so. For example, ‘to criticize’ is negative but the adjective and noun form don’t have to be - for example ‘critical thinking’ and ‘literary criticism’. So you just can’t take any random sentence and change the part of speech!

The 3rd is not a complete sentence: but the word is used correctly., heavily is the correct word to use as Jamie says above. You highly praise something and heavily criticize it-