Cattle is a very general term to talk about farm animals (raised for meat or dairy) or you could be more specific and use the term bovines which encompasses cows, bulls, oxen and the like.

Cattle (a mass noun) covers bulls (uncastrated males), oxen (castrated males) and (female) cows. - The cattle were in the field. - There was a large herd of cattle. - He sold one head of cattle at the marketplace. Cattle are bovines, but so are other related animals like buffalo and bison. This is not a mass noun, so “one bovine”, “two bovines” is fine. Cattle is more commonly used unless talking about animal species I think.

I don't think so. "Cattle" is a collective noun, so you can say "those are cattle" but you can't say "that is a cattle".

In normal conversation, we usually just say "cow" as the common noun. Good luck!