Several of these words have several meanings, but looking at the core common meanings: 1.preserve=keep safe 2.retain=hold fixed, keep in place, keep possession of 3.conserve=keep from harm or loss or decay 4.maintain=cause to continue; continue in possession...

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The main meaning of each word is: preserve (1) To maintain in safety from injury, peril, or harm; protect. (2) To treat fruit or other foods so as to prevent decay. retain To maintain possession of. (Synonyms: keep) conserve To protect from loss or harm; preserve. (calls to conserve our national heritage in the face of bewildering change) maintain To keep up or carry on; continue (maintain good relations) (Source: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/maintain)