I've been out of it all day because I didn't get enough sleep last night.

I think the proper way to say it would be "I have not had enough sleep, so I have been in a fog all day long" "Haven't" is poor grammar but I guess easily accepted among conversations. You could also say "I did not sleep at all last night" or "I did not sleep enough last night" and "so I have been 'out of it' all day" or "I have been tired all day." If you want variety, say, "loopy" or "drained" instead of "in a fog" or "tired" I hope this helps!

It might be more natural to say: "I didn't get enough sleep, so I've been in a fog all day long" --- In your example, I think "got" should be "gotten": "I haven't gotten enough sleep, so I've been in a fog all day long"