Garbage, rubbish, debris, waste, junk, trash, litter, and refuse are synonyms. You can use garbage, rubbish, and waste in different ways, but not really the other ones. Like "That's garbage." used to say something is a lie, which is the same as "That's rubbish." You can say "What a waste." and that means that it didn't reach it's potential.
That probably wasn't your question though...