I do not know if 的 is used only for objects
It's correct to say: 我的狗 ?
I don't know if 的 is used only for objects

Question

I do not know if 的 is used only for objects
It's correct to say: 我的狗 ?
I don't  know if 的 is used only for objects

Answer

yes, 我的狗 is correct

Answer

Your sample is correct.

地+verb
的+noun

Answer

you can simply see 
"我的" as my
"他的" as "His"
It is that simple.

Answer

的can be used in many many situations 
one is between the subject and object, (if the object belongs to the subject)
examples：我的狗，我的花

but “的”can also used in this situation：an adjective+的+subject   to describe sth

开心的笑容 
美丽的花
春天的花