It can. People also say 'you did quite a number on that sandwich.' meaning you ate a lot of food. 'You did quite a number on that play' meaning you acted well. However it can also mean the exact opposite. That you totally bombed the play and did horribly, if the person is teasing you. Or that is quite a number of shoes you have. Meaning quite a few.

Yes, your right. Quite a number of people have bought lottery tickets this week. Quite a few people have bought lottery tickets this week.

the same meaning