Grammatically, it's "what" temperature, but "how many" degrees. Jordan's suggestions for colloquial ways of asking about the weather are good; I'll just note that when temperatures are or are likely to be cooler than room temperature (~20°C), then you would say "how cold" rather than "how hot" . (Or a bit more neutrally, you can say "how warm".)

In terms of temperature, it sounds odd in english for someone to say "How is the temperature?". We normally will say "How hot is it (today)?" If you wish to ask about the temperature specifically, you can say "What is the temperature today?"

thank you

You can say "What's the TEMPERATURE today?" Meaning how hot or cold it is. You can say "What's the TEMPERATURE outside?" Sometimes it hotter or colder outside than it is inside or the other way around. You can ask "What's the TEMPERATURE of the Air conditioner?" The Answers to theses question will probably be with the word degree. "It's 78 degrees today.' It's 98 degrees outside" "The temperature of the Air conditioner is 62 degrees." Hope it helps.