I don't usually use etymology for choosing synonyms, although it can be a fun game in English, (probably less useful than in Chinese, since the roots of English words are often from Latin and Greek, and may have had a long journey on their way to Modern English). Here are some interesting ones off the top of my head:
word — etymological meaning
repose — put (oneself) back (as in “lie back”)
suppose — put below
depose — put down
impose — put in
dispose — to put apart
compose — put together
convene — to come together
converge — to bend / turn together
convert — same root as “converge,” but I believe the verb is in the frequentative aspect, which can imply a more “intense” or complete action.
congregate — to flock together
contain — to hold together
detain — hold down
retain — hold back
sustain — hold up
etc.