Overall, the sentences are not so natural, I guess.
The contexts might be a little different in cases
but I'll just let them be more natural.
1. A. 후배가 승진됐대요. 참 잘 됐죠? 걔 이제 푹 좀 쉴 수 있겠네요.
B. 첫 술에 배부를까, 승진하려면 더 노력해야겠죠?
2. 논문은 내가 다 썼는데, 이득은 내 친구가 봤으니 참 죽쒀서 개 준 꼴이구만!
I don't know the context for the no.3 sentence. I'll show you an example for this case.
For example, i have a laptop computer which I bought for 500 dollars.
And it broke so went to a repair shop. They ask me 400 dollars or more for fixing that.
In this case, you can say " 배보다 배꼽이 더 크네".
Hope it would be helpful.