English makes most past verbs with "-ed": walked, played, called. English speakers hope for one Malayalam "-ed" too, and then try to stick a single ending on every verb. Malayalam has a few past endings instead, and the verb chooses which one. In this episode: • Pattern one: ends in -i • Pattern two: ends in -chu • Pattern three: ends in -thu, -ttu or -ndu • Pattern four: ends in -nnu or -nju • Saying "didn't" and asking "did you?" • Telling someone about your day • Language bridge • Practice • Self-check questions with answers Key phrases from this episode: പോയി (poyi) = went വാങ്ങി (vaangi) = bought ഉറങ്ങി (urangi) = slept ഓടി (oodi) = ran എഴുതി (ezhuthi) = wrote കഴുകി (kazhuki) = washed ഉണ്ടാക്കി (undaakki) = made നോക്കി (nokki) = looked കയറി (kayari) = got in, climbed ഇറങ്ങി (irangi) = got out, got down തുടങ്ങി (thudangi) = started നിർത്തി (nirthi) = stopped പാടി (paadi) = sang കിട്ടി (kitti) = got, received കഴിച്ചു (kazhichu) = ate കുടിച്ചു (kudichu) = drank കുളിച്ചു (kulichu) = had a bath വിളിച്ചു (vilichu) = called കളിച്ചു (kalichu) = played പഠിച്ചു (padichu) = studied ചിരിച്ചു (chirichu) = laughed വായിച്ചു (vaayichu) = read അടച്ചു (adachu) = closed അയച്ചു (ayachu) = sent വെച്ചു (vechu) = put, kept ചെയ്തു (cheythu) = did എടുത്തു (eduthu) = took കൊടുത്തു (koduthu) = gave (to someone) കേട്ടു (kettu) = heard കണ്ടു (kandu) = saw തൊട്ടു (thottu) = touched ഇട്ടു (ittu) = put in, put on എഴുന്നേറ്റു (ezhunnettu) = got up വന്നു (vannu) = came നിന്നു (ninnu) = stood, stopped ഇരുന്നു (irunnu) = sat തന്നു (thannu) = gave (to me or us) Learn Spoken Malayalam at Home: a complete course in everyday spoken Malayalam for English speakers. Native Malayalam pronunciation, every phrase in Malayalam script, Manglish and English, plus a language bridge comparing Malayalam with other world languages. Listen, repeat out loud, then take the 52-question quiz. Audio voiced with AI from an original script by Dr. Rashmi R Nair.