This use of "should" is common in the U.S. among highly educated people. It expresses an imagined possibility. "Should a fire break out" means the same as "if a fire were to break out".

The 'take off' part is unusual, at least in the US. May be more commonly used in the UK or Australia. 'Should' here is used to describe something that could possibly happen. Again, not super commonly used in the US, probably more British usage, but someone can confirm. Some examples: 'If you should go outside, please bring a coat.' 'Should you find yourself in trouble, call the authorities.'

It is strange English to me. I'm a US speaker. The meaning is clear. What is strange is the phrase "to take off." It is obviously referring to a fire starting, but "to take off" is not language I've ever heard. "Should" can mean a hypothetical rare occurrence. It's often used to soften a description of something that might be alarming. "You will probably never need to use it, but should the rare need occur, you can..." The sentence means: "If there is a fire in the cabin, and you have quick access to a fire extinguisher, you can put it out." "Should" here softens the "if" by suggesting that it is a hypothetical, almost an imaginary occurrence.

= if one (a fire) starts Should you have any other queries = If you have... Should you find any more examples = If you find...