I would say '배우다' has a braoder meaning compared to '공부하다.' '배우다' literally means to learn something whereas '공부하다' could mean putting more time and effort in the process of learning i.e. reading books, becoming a student in a certain area, etc. Usually, the word '공부하다' equals 'to study' in English. Hope this helps :)

'공부하다'= to study ... and '배우다' it means = to learn ... .they are different from their meaning ^^ i hope my answer helping u ^^ u r welcome ^^ㅠ.ㅠ

Like Zainab barznji said, '공부하다'= to study ... and '배우다' it means = to learn and I want to add more explanations here. '배우다' I learn something from a teacher. '공부하다' I study something by myself(not from a teacher) (from a book or a computer)