In addition, "cafeteria" is usually used to describe the dining area of a school, business, or hospital. Many of them are in public buildings, and are meant to be a place for the staff to eat. A Café is was used to be a "coffee shop," but now, in the USA, a "Café" can be any small restaurant with a limited menu. Many are open only part of the day.

A cafeteria is a food service establishment where a limited variety of food is served, usually on trays, at a service counter.

cafeteria = a place where food is served with little or no service, usually with a selection of different food/meals in a line. You walk down and choose what you want cafe = more like a coffee shop, selling drinks and small meals (baked items, breakfast etc.). Waiters are more common in cafes