As Gary says, if someone 'puts you up to' something it means all of these things : get/ask/encourage you to do something. One thing that I'd add, though - it's almost always used for doing something bad, risky, reckless or inadvisable. If a schoolkid persuades his friend to play a mean prank on their schoolteacher, for example, you'd say he 'put him up to it'.

"did he put you up to this" could also be written as: did he ask you to do this did he get you to do this did he encourage you to do this