There are a number of suffixes that are typically used (sometimes several of them, for different adjectives with different meanings), so you can make a good guess. But in the end, just like for adjective formation in English, you have to look up and learn them. Here are some more details about making adjectives from nouns: http://www.canoo.net/services/WordformationRules/Derivation/To-A/N-To-A/Suffig.html

check this out https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/nouns-adjective.htm

I am also learning German and, as far as I know, there is no specific rule for that.