1. In English we don't say, "这个太刺激" with food or drinks. English speakers think in a different way about food and the human body. By the same token, Western medicine is very different from Chinese medicine.
2. None of the words you suggested are right.
3. If you wish to use an adjective with beer, you could say, "It's too alcoholic/fizzy/strong/bitter for me." "Strong" is closest to the Chinese concept of 刺激 but not the same.
4. Hilary is right and her suggestions are good. Those are really the socially correct formulae to use.
5. If you know the specifics and wish to say something about those, you could; such as "I am allergic to the barley in the beer. It brings on my migraine," or "The glycemic index of beer is too high for my diabetes." This way of talking, however, is socially very unpleasant.