Hello! You could say: "I found out that you got promoted" "I heard that you got promoted" It's usually said in the past tense because you heard the news from someone else, so it's something that usually happens before. So, when someone says that to you, it usually means they heard it from somewhere or someone before, not in the present.

I don't know how to say. But i can use "heard" make a right sentence for you. E.g: I heard that you had been promoted. Above is my answer. I'm so sorry, my vocabulary isn't too many, so i can't explain clearly.

"I hear" means you actually heard right now, "I heard" sounds like in the past, I had heard, a little bit like "rumor says" , similar to "I thought" normally talks about something wrong or false