This question is not correct. There are two ways you can rephrase it so it is: "Does my voice reach you?" would be the best way to rephrase it using those exact words. But maybe a better way to put it overall would be "Can you hear me?" or something like that. Hope this helps!

No, it seems strange to a native English speaker like me. You could say "Does the sound of my voice reach you?" But the usual thing to say is "Can you hear my voice?"