Using By in the meaning of per
I’d like to know how to use “by” in the meaning of “per”. For example, I can say “the systems per country” as the meaning of “the systems of each country”.

Then how can I use “by” in this meaning?

Should I put an article like “the systems by the country”?

Thanks.

Question

Using By in the meaning of per
I’d like to know how to use “by” in the meaning of “per”. For example, I can say “the systems per country” as the meaning of “the systems of each country”.

Then how can I use “by” in this meaning?

Should I put an article like “the systems by the country”?

Thanks.

Answer

I'm not exactly sure of what you are asking.

Per = for each one.
Per = according to. You didn't give much context but it looks like this is the one you are referring to. In that case, you may certainly use "by": the system list by country (omit the article).

Answer

I saw this https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/22644/by-vs-per-which-one-should-i-use-on-expressions-like-pl-geography-or-va

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