It means I don't understand it, especially the reasoning behind something.
"John is an idiot. He doesn't have a job and spend a lot of Mary's money. How she can stay with him is beyond me."
"Why anyone would want to see a guy in fancy dress kill a bull is beyond me."
You could also use it for knowledge as well, but I don't think this is as common.
"Algebraic functions are beyond me. I just don't know how to do them."