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IELTS writing task Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and pollution problems. To what extent do you agree or disagree? What other measures do you think might be effective? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Nowadays, some people believe that increasing the price of petrol is the best way to improve the traffic issue and to reduce the air pollution due to the massive use of cars. Even though this could be a possible solution, however, I do not agree with this opinion because other measures could be taken to tackle these two linked problems. To begin with, it is certainly true that people would be discouraged to use cars or means of transport working with the petrol if its price would be increased. For example, this solution would bring people to use alternative ways to go around, especially for short movements into the city. Moreover people would start to fill their cars in order to save money using the same mean. On the other hand, higher petrol prices would be a problem for the lower class, especially for that individuals who can reach their places only by car, without the support of public transports. The highest class would continue to use cars no matter the prices. Hence, the drawback of a such measure would affect most the poorest classes and it would be fair in a democratic context. I think that different measures would be more appropriate. For example, improving public transports in general, offering a better service, could be a good beginning to reduce traffic and consequentially pollution too. Benefits should be given to people who do not have any car or to who is using bicycles. Furthermore individuals with big cars should paid much more taxes than the small ones. This because their fuel consumption is not efficient as in the small ones. To conclude, I believe that increasing petrol price is not the the way to avoid or at least to reduce urban traffic and pollution. Aforementioned measures would be more appropriate to tackle these problems. Another possibility could be also to inform and make aware about these issues since from the schools in order to let them maturing a sustainable consciousness. 331 words

IELTS writing task 1 The two diagrams depict two different processes for the cement production and the concrete production. The cement making process is composed essentially by five different stages. To begin with, limestone and clay are poured in a crusher, which is used to obtain the powder. In the second and third stages the powder is introduced in a mixer and then is passed through a rotating heater, where the powder is heated. In the final two stages, the product coming from the heater is brought to a grinder, which provide to give the final product: the cement. Then, it is packed into bags to be carried easily where they need it. The second diagram illustrates the concrete production using the cement as a basic element. This process is completed in three different stages. In the first part, cement and water are put in a concrete mixer in particular percentages of 15% and 10% respectively.In the final stage the rotating action of the mixer will be enough to obtain the required product: the concrete.

IELTS writing task Some people believe that there should be fixed punishment for each type of crime. Others, however, argue that circumstances of an individual crime, and the motivation for committing it, should always be taken into account when deciding on the punishment. Discuss both these view and give your own opinion. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Nowadays, it is generally believed that each type of crime should be tackled with fixed punishments to discourage illegal actions, nevertheless, other think that all the peculiar circumstances and the motivations of an individual crime should be discussed before deciding on the appropriate punishment. This essay will discuss both these two opinions about crime measures. On the one hand, some people sustain that for every kind of crime a particular punishment should be imposed on the criminal, in other word depending on the gravity of the penalties there should be fixed more or less strict punishments. For example, fines or short periods of prison could be enough to avoid small crimes and the maximum rate or the worst punishment should be given for murders or aggressors. In this way it is possible to guarantee a good level of justice for the victims of the illegal actions. However, many people disagree with this principle and argue the opportunity to decide for the most appropriate measures on every crime, because the same illegal action could be committed under wide different circumstances. In this way justice would be done without over punish the guilty individual. For example, this procedure should be followed to ensure that people did not commit crime under unusual physic and psychological states with no real awareness of what they did. In my opinion, I would agree with the second extent because I believe that justice should be done in the right way, in order to not be too severe when the crime does not need strict measures. We must not forget that criminal individuals are still human people and should be treated as such.

IELTS writing task 1 The four pie charts depict the production of electricity in Australia and France in two different years: 1980 and 2000. Overall, it can be seen that the total production of electricity increased for both countries: in Australia from 100 units in 1980 to 170 units in 2000, whilst in France from 90 units in 1980 to 180 units in 2000, exceeding the Australian production. To begin with, in 1980, in Australia half of the electricity production was due to coal sources, whereas in France this amounted to 25 units. In Australia, natural gas and hydro power both produced 20 units each, while the remaining 10 units were due to oil sources. In France, natural gas and hydro power made up 25 units and 5 units, whilst oil and nuclear power contributed producing 20 units and 15 units respectively. In 2000 there was a massive change for both countries regarding the use of source producing electricity. In Australia 130 units were obtained from coal power. Hydro power, natural gas and oil produced only 36,2 and 2 units respectively. In France, the main source was nuclear power making of 126 units. Coal power production remained the same at 25 units, while oil increased the production to 25 units. Hydro power and Natural gas contribution both decreased to only 2 units each.

IELTS writing task 1 The line graph depicts the amount of fish, lamb, beef and chicken consumed per person per week in a European country from 1979 to 2004, a period of 25 years. It is evident that beef was the meat most consumed at the beginning of the period starting at over 200 grams. Apart from a brief increase until 1989, beef consumption dropped dramatically, finishing around 100 grams by the end of the period. In 1979, Chicken and Lamb were consumed at a similar rate around 150 grams, but then they saw two opposite trends. On the one hand, chicken consumption increased exceeding beef consumption in 1989 and finishing approximately at 250 grams. On the other hand, after 1979, lamb were eaten at decreasing rate accounting at just over 50 grams over the period. Fish was the least type of food consumed over these twenty five years, starting being consumed around 60 grams and finishing approximately at 40 grams after a slight decreasing trend throughout the period.

IELTS writing task 1 The chart depicts the percentage of expenditure on three categories such as Food/Drinks/Tobacco, Clothing/Footwear and Leisure/Education in five different countries, in 2002. Overall, it can be seen that most of the costs were on Food/Drinks/Tobacco, whereas Clothing/Footwear and Leisure/Education accounted just for small percentages. To begin with, in 2002, Turkey was the country with the highest proportion of expenditure on the first category of items, standing at 32.14%, followed by Ireland with 28.91% of spending. Even though Food/Drinks/Tobacco made up in Spain, Italy and Sweden a smaller proportion between 19% and 15%, it was still the biggest percentage of expenditure for these three countries. For the second category, regarding Clothing/Footwear, Italy made up the highest proportion of 9%, whilst Turkey, Spain, Ireland and Sweden accounted all for a similar percentage of 6.63%, 6.53%, 6.40% and 5.40% respectively. Leisure/Education group was the category with the least percentages of consumer expenditure. For these items Turkey accounted with the highest proportion of 4.35%, followed by Sweden (3.22%) and Italy (3.20%). Ireland and Spain amounted just to 2.21% and 1.98% being at the bottom of the chart for the third category.

IELTS writing task 1 The four pie charts depicts the distribution of the population by ages in Yemen and in Italy in 2000 and the relative expectations in 2050. It is evident that in Yemen, in 2000, more than one half of population (50.1%) was very young being between 0 and 14 years old, whilst in Italy this proportion accounted only for 14.3%. People between 15 and 59 years old amounted to 46.3% being the second biggest "piece of pie" in Yemen, while the remaining 3.6% was made up of 60 year old individuals. In the same year in Italy, people between 15 and 59 years old were the main part of population accounting for 61.6%. However, over 60 year old people made up a noticeably percentage of 24.1%. In the projections, for 2050, for the Yemen the percentages of population from 15 to 59 years old and over 60 years old are expected to rice, reaching 51.3% and 5.7% respectively, whereas people fro 0 to 14 years old could see a fall to 37%. In Italy the predicted situation is different with over 60 year old individuals expected to increase to 42.3%, whilst the percentages of population from 0 to 14 and from 15 to 59 years old are expected to drop at 11.5% and 46.2% respectively.

IELTS writing task 1 The six pie charts compare the percentage of people working in cultivation, between developing countries and developed countries in three different years: 1950, 1990 and a projection in 2050. In detail, in 1950, developing countries accounted for 8.1% of population engaged in agriculture, whilst developed countries made up a smaller proportion of 37.7%. In 1990, the percentage of individuals involved in agriculture decreased to 59.6% and 8.4% for developing and developed areas respectively. It is evident that the percentage for the poorer countries was still far higher than the richer ones. The expectation for 2050 will be a drop, again for both type of areas to 37.7% and 20% respectively. Overall, it can be seen that throughout the period, the percentage of population involved in land cultivation decreased and it is expected to keep this falling trend even in 2050, being in developing countries far higher than developed ones.

IELTS writing task 1 The bar chart depicts the amount of telephone calls in the UK divided in three category such as Local, National and International and Mobiles over a period of 7 years. It is measured in billion of minutes. Overall, it can be seen that local call was the most common category of phone calls, followed by National and International one. Mobile calls category was the least used type of telephone calls in the UK, even though it increased massively over the end of the period. To begin with, Local calls accounted for over 70 billion of minutes and this category showed a typical bell pattern increasing at a steady rate to reach the highest number of minutes in 1999 (90 billions) and then to constantly decrease by 2002 at the same rate of the beginning. National and International phone calls starting at just over 35 billion of minutes in 1995 saw a rise making up the highest rate over 60 billion of minutes at the end of the period in 2002. However, even mobile call stood at just under 5 billion of minutes at the beginning of the time scale, it was the category with the biggest rice, reaching over 45 billion of minutes in 2002.

IELTS writing task 1 The two bar charts illustrate the percentage of total world oil resources and the relative annual consumption in different areas of the world. Overall, it can be seen that Middle East was the region with the biggest proportion of oil, while Asia and US, followed by Western Europe were the main world oil consumer. In detail, the Middle East held the highest percentage of oil resources accounting to 56.52%. The second area in perms of amount of held oil (14.84%) was the Canada. In sharp contrast to this, Middle East and Canada consumed only 6.15% and 2.48% of oil respectively. Central and South America, Eastern Europe and Africa made up a percentage between 9% and 6% accounting for a consumption of 6.70%, 6.56% and 3.35% respectively. Asia, US and Western Europe were the countries with the least percentage of oil resource, followed by Australia and New Zealand and other countries, all of them making up a small proportion under 2%. Even though Asia, US and Western Europe were close at the bottom of the bar oil resources bar chart, they were at the top of the annual world oil consumption chart making up 26,21%, 25.48% and 19.24% respectively.

30 czerwca 2014

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