After T, D and TH, a handful of consonant patterns explain most remaining "I didn't catch that" moments. Each has a simple decoding rule. What you will learn: • V and W as one in-between sound: vest/west, vine/wine, very/wary • P, T, K without the puff of air: pin can sound like bin, time like dime, coat like goat • The tapped or lightly trilled R, always pronounced • Z said as J (zero → jero) or S, and S/SH swaps in some regions • F said with both lips or as PH: fan can sound like pan • Extra vowels in clusters: ischool, fil-um • Practice sentences, five listening strategies and self-check questions Level: B1–B2. Self-study: listen, then take the quizzes. Audio voiced with AI from an original script by Dr. Rashmi R Nair.