Hello again Owais,
Asking questions is good!!!
In this case, I would say "The plumber sent me a fifty-dollar bill."
The reason why is because in English, the adjective comes first: "I am a skinny boy;" "She is a pretty woman;" "I handed her a twenty-dollar bill."
In your example, the fifty-dollar characterizes the bill. It could have been any other bill, but it's a fifty-dollar bill. In this case then, the adjective tells how much dollars that bill is worth.
I hope this helps.
Have a great day.