Baboon,
"Put someone on specific time" doesn't mean anything. I will use brackets to try to explain this sentence better:
Don't think of the sentence this way:
I < put us on the five o'clock > shift for that.
Instead, think of it this way:
I put us on <the five o'clock shift> for that.
"Five o'clock" is modifying "shift." "Shift" means a part of the work day. For example, there could be a morning shift, a night shift, a late shift. If I work the morning shift, maybe I get to work at 7am and leave at 3pm.
The "five o'clock shift" is a shift that begins at 5:00.
To be "put on the five o'clock shift," means "to be assigned to the five o'clock shift."
Was this explanation ok?