Som (সোম)
Bilabial, Labiodental, Dental, Alveolar, Postalveolar, Retroflex, Palatal, Velar, Uvular, Pharyngeal, Glottal
Phonology is intriguing, but only if one has an active interest in linguistics. We all know just how difficult it is to come even approximately close to the native phonology in our target languages. One of the reasons is that our ears grow so accustomed to the phonology of our native languages that we lose the ability to even hear their variants. They may sound the same to us, but to native speakers they are as different as day and night.

This YT video uses basic Hindi phonology presented to English speakers as an example to illustrate the point: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zda6c0GW7JQ" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zda6c0GW7JQ</a>;

A notorious example is the Hindi word chhuTTiyāN (छुट्टियां). It has three very alien sounds for speakers of European languages including English: the aspirated ch, the stressed (double) retroflex T and the nasalization at the end (as in French <em>bon</em>). When most Euro language speakers try to say this word, they replace the aspirated ch with a simple ch, the stressed retroflex T with the soft dental t and omit the nasalization. The result is a very widely prevalent (and vulgar) swear word. A similar but less notorious example would be the subtle vowel difference between the French chevaux (horses) and cheveux (hair).

This is a great link to test your auditory discrimination (the ability to distinguish between sounds) and your ability to replicate them: <a href="http://web.uvic.ca/ling/data/IPAlab/IPAlab.htm" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">http://web.uvic.ca/ling/data/IPAlab/IPAlab.htm</a>;

It lists the entire gamut of phonology in nearly every language. You can hear the actual sounds when you click any given phonetic symbol. For the consonant table (the first one) you can also click on the main consonant category names in the leftmost column (plosive, nasal, trill, tap, fricative and approximant) to hear a full explanation in English of how to produce the sounds in that category).

All the best!
2019年12月4日 05:00
留言 · 34
1
Well, I think kissing someone or ahveing some cookies is a <em>wiser</em> reaction than just installing some app.
But we should thank Italki team for drawing our attention: to the cookie, to the city, to the app...

There is something nice about this sense of guerilla struggle agianst crazy moderation. It unites:)
El pueblo unido jamás será vencido!

Often I notice that some restrictions we had in Soviet times developed some good qualities in Russians.

Here's the receipe for cookies:
(or transcribed differently "<em>Boussou La Tmessou (بوسو لا تمسو)</em>"):
"<em>Boussou latemessou (kiss him but do not touch him) is a traditional Algerian pastry prepared with sesame seeds, lemon and orange blossom water.</em>"

Regarding the verb for to kiss (in Arabic and Pushtu) WIkitionary has this:

"Likely from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(102, 51, 102);">Persian</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%86#Persian" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(11, 0, 128);">بوسیدن</a>‎ (<em style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34);">busidan</em>), though this is an onomatopoeia common in many languages, where the initial <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/labial" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">labial</a> represents the protruding lips and the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sibilant" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">sibilant</a> represents the smacking sound. Compare <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(102, 51, 102);">English</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/buss#English" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(11, 0, 128);"><em>buss</em></a>, regional <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(102, 51, 102);">German</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=B%C3%BCtzchen&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(165, 88, 88);"><em>Bützchen</em></a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Busserl#German" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(11, 0, 128);"><em>Busserl</em></a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(102, 51, 102);">Latin</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/basium#Latin" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(11, 0, 128);"><em>basium</em></a>, etc."
2019年12月17日
1
Som, yes, my langauge partner was going to use it for her thesis on computer assisted langauge learning...
2019年12月17日
1
@Som
Thanks for the heads up. It appears I'm back now. I wrote the name of an app that starts with the second letter of the alphabet.
2019年12月17日
1
Som, ah. It is because of "ability to even hear their variants".
2019年12月4日
1
There is
"phonology"
and
"phonetics".

Phonetics is concerned with a sound as it is. Physical and biological thing. Waves, throat constrictions.
A version of IPA transcription a phontician can use is very detailed, it can be a dosen of symbols used to vaguely describe how did you pronounce word "pick" right now.

Of course, you prononce it a bit differently at different times:)

Phonology is concerned with the system of sounds of a languege. "Latin letters" are <em>phonemes</em> of Latin language. Any alphabet is an (incomplete) phonological transcription, like IPA.

And here some difficulties arise.

Actually what you hear as /t/ is a range of possible sounds. And it often happens that two <em>ranges</em> for two letters in your langauge are a bit different than two ranges for two "similar" phonemes in my language. I do have a "t" which is "t" for you. But other time I say "t" (still within the range of "t" for me) which is something else for you:)


2019年12月4日
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