In many European languages, consonant shifts occurred. This means one letter begins to sound like another. For instance P from its Latin roots changed to the American F. Padre (Spanish), Pater (Latin), Vater (German pronounced like English fater or foughter), and father (English) are all the same word, but some show a consonant shift. Some words reach English with a shift and some words (sometimes even the same word) will reach English without a shift. A good example is the Latin word "pater". It reached English as "father". It also reached English in the word "patriarch". English has stolen words from many other languages, especially French. Often they keep their native spellings. The English language is now filled with spelling mishaps.
Examples:
Hour (h is silent) is the same pronunciation as our
Bologna is pronounced ba-loan-knee
Knight is pronounced like night
"Black Dutch" are a group of people of German descent. (German word for German is Deutsch which was mistaken for Dutch)