It's because that we only pronounce 'ㄱ, ㄴ, ㄷ, ㄹ, ㅁ, ㅂ, ㅇ' as pat'chim.
According to the rules,
'ㄲ' , 'ㅋ','ㄳ' are pronounced as "ㄱ"
'ㅅ, ㅆ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅌ' ⇒ 'ㄷ'
'ㅍ' ⇒ 'ㅂ'
'ㄵ' ⇒ 'ㄴ'
'ㄼ', 'ㄽ', 'ㄾ' ⇒ㄹ
'ㅄ' ⇒ ㅂ
like the phrase you put as an example,
"맛있어요" is pronounced as "마딛써요"
1.맛 ⇒ 맏 (because pat'chim ㅅ is pronounced as ㄷ)
2.있 ⇒ 읻 (ㅆ is pronounced as ㄷ )
3.맏읻 ⇒ 마딛 (a final consonant can be assimilated to following vowel)
4.마딛어요 ⇒ 마딛써요(ma-dit-sseo-yo)
(after pat'chim 'ㄱ','ㄷ','ㅂ', following syllables sound stronger.^^)
The same goes for "맛없어요"
1.맛 ⇒ 맏
2.없 ⇒ 업
3.맏업 ⇒ 마덥
4.마덥어요 ⇒ 마덥써요.(ma-deop-sseo-yo)
It looks pretty complicated, but you don't need to memorize all these rules.
Just try to pronounce each word exactly and speed up a little and then see if what happens.
The similar things happen in English.
for example,
A cup of tea
ə-kəp-əv-ti: ⇒ ə-kə-pəv-ti: ⇒ ə-kə-pə-ti:
\^o^/